< July 31, 1996     Back to date list    September 30, 1996 >

Top 10 active players as of August 31, 1996

  #  

Player Rating +/-
1 Kasparov, Garry K286348
2 Anand, Viswanathan281647
3 Kramnik, Vladimir280447
4 Ivanchuk, Vassily278947
5 Karpov, Anatoly E275947
6 Kamsky, Gata273848
7 Topalov, Veselin273748
8 Bareev, Evgeny270749
9 Gelfand, Boris270548
10 Polgar, Judit270247

About these ratings

Top 500 active players as of August 31, 1996

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28634860.9% #233.38
2 Anand, Viswanathan28164716.7% #426.72
3 Kramnik, Vladimir28044711.3% #521.18
4 Ivanchuk, Vassily2789476.7% #627.45
5 Karpov, Anatoly E2759471.9% #1145.27
6 Kamsky, Gata2738480.8% #1622.25
7 Topalov, Veselin2737480.7% #1621.46
8 Bareev, Evgeny2707490.2% #2829.78
9 Gelfand, Boris2705480.2% #2928.19
10 Polgar, Judit2702470.1% #3020.11
11 Salov, Valery B2699490.1% #3332.26
12 Shirov, Alexei2698470.1% #3224.16
13 Dreev, Alexey2692480.1% #3627.61
14 Short, Nigel D2691480.1% #3731.25
15 Rublevsky, Sergei2685490.1% #4221.88
16 Akopian, Vladimir267949 #4624.73
17 Jussupow, Artur M267648 #4836.55
18 Sokolov, Ivan267547 #4928.22
19 Adams, Michael267347 #5124.79
20 Khalifman, Alexander266747 #5730.62
21 Lautier, Joel266447 #5823.39
22 Andersson, Ulf266251 #6345.18
23 Nikolic, Predrag266148 #6235.97
24 Ehlvest, Jaan266047 #6233.88
25 Tiviakov, Sergei265648 #6723.55
26 Seirawan, Yasser265652 #7036.44
27 Georgiev, Kiril265650 #6930.76
28 Beliavsky, Alexander G265547 #6842.71
29 Speelman, Jonathan S265249 #7139.91
30 Chernin, Alexander M265248 #7236.48
31 Svidler, Peter264948 #7420.21
32 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A264350 #8136.46
33 Korchnoi, Viktor L263947 #8465.44
34 Smirin, Ilia263948 #8628.61
35 Almasi, Zoltan263847 #8520.01
36 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel263348 #9330.74
37 Malaniuk, Vladimir P263247 #9439.11
38 Oll, Lembit263149 #9730.36
39 Gulko, Boris F262847 #9849.56
40 Rozentalis, Eduardas262649 #10233.26
41 Yudasin, Leonid G262348 #10437.06
42 Graf, Alexander262350 #10634.02
43 Epishin, Vladimir262248 #10531.14
44 Sadler, Matthew262249 #10622.29
45 Novikov, Igor A262049 #10834.27
46 Gurevich, Mikhail N262049 #10837.53
47 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E262051 #11029.52
48 Yermolinsky, Alex V261949 #11038.39
49 Hracek, Zbynek261849 #11125.97
50 Piket, Jeroen261846 #10927.59
51 Sturua, Zurab261554 #11837.23
52 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y261564 #12739.61
53 Morozevich, Alexander261350 #11819.12
54 Aleksandrov, Aleksej261350 #11823.30
55 Dvoiris, Semen I261351 #11937.83
56 Eingorn, Viacheslav S261251 #12039.77
57 Rogers, Ian261249 #11836.19
58 Kožul, Zdenko261148 #11830.28
59 Vaganian, Rafael A261149 #12044.88
60 Portisch, Lajos261050 #12259.41
61 Zvjaginsev, Vadim261050 #12120.04
62 Hellers, Ferdinand260959 #13027.59
63 Glek, Igor V260848 #12234.82
64 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E260749 #12546.55
65 Pigusov, Evgeny260755 #13035.42
66 Lastin, Alexander260656 #13119.84
67 Vyzmanavin, Alexey260650 #12636.66
68 Nunn, John D M260550 #12741.35
69 Hübner, Robert260549 #12747.82
70 Timman, Jan H260548 #12644.71
71 Komarov, Dimitri260450 #12827.75
72 Psakhis, Lev B260348 #12837.76
73 Sakaev, Konstantin260349 #12922.38
74 Savchenko, Stanislav260350 #13029.61
75 Hansen, Curt260250 #13131.95
76 Razuvaev, Yury S260149 #13150.89
77 Morovic Fernández, Iván E260151 #13333.44
78 Milov, Vadim259949 #13324.08
79 Magerramov, Elmar S259962 #14438.39
80 Tkachiev, Vladislav259849 #13522.81
81 Hickl, Joerg259849 #13531.37
82 Leko, Peter259748 #13516.97
83 Huzman, Alexander259651 #13834.39
84 Miles, Anthony J259647 #13541.36
85 Rohde, Michael A259672 #15337.01
86 Agdestein, Simen259553 #14129.29
87 Tukmakov, Vladimir B259448 #13950.46
88 Gavrikov, Victor N259452 #14239.09
89 Lutz, Christopher259348 #13825.52
90 Ftácnik, Lubomír259248 #14138.84
91 Giorgadze, Giorgi259249 #14131.89
92 Krasenkow, Michal259148 #14232.80
93 Cvitan, Ognjen259148 #14234.89
94 Lputian, Smbat G259150 #14438.55
95 Dautov, Rustem259052 #14530.76
96 Alterman, Boris259049 #14426.32
97 Dorfman, Iosif D259054 #14744.33
98 van Wely, Loek259047 #14323.90
99 Benjamin, Joel L259050 #14532.47
100 Kharlov, Andrei258950 #14527.78
101 Kengis, Edvins258949 37.39
102 Dolmatov, Sergey V258750 37.53
103 Pintér, József258751 42.81
104 Lerner, Konstantin Z258752 46.51
105 Onischuk, Alexander258649 20.99
106 Dokhoian, Yury258658 31.85
107 Korneev, Oleg258548 27.10
108 Bologan, Viktor258548 24.71
109 Kaidanov, Gregory S258550 36.89
110 Polgar, Zsuzsa258551 27.37
111 Fominyh, Alexander258453 37.21
112 Spasov, Vasil258353 25.54
113 Ribli, Zoltán258250 44.98
114 Yakovich, Yuri258150 33.75
115 Adianto, Utut258051 31.46
116 Rechlis, Gad258052 29.57
117 Hodgson, Julian M257947 33.10
118 Timoshenko, Georgy257951 30.25
119 deFirmian, Nicholas E257948 39.10
120 Hjartarson, Jóhann257948 33.56
121 Torre, Eugenio257864 44.82
122 Pétursson, Margeir257848 36.54
123 Kuzmin, Alexey257860 33.48
124 Khenkin, Igor257749 28.44
125 Stefansson, Hannes257549 24.12
126 Lalic, Bogdan257548 32.48
127 Vaisser, Anatoli257551 47.49
128 Shipov, Sergei257351 30.37
129 Shneider, Aleksandr257352 34.28
130 Landa, Konstantin257252 24.28
131 Wolff, Patrick G257152 28.54
132 Zaichik, Gennady L257162 39.55
133 Milos, Gilberto257052 32.84
134 Sokolov, Andrey Y256849 33.45
135 Cámpora, Daniel H256750 39.17
136 Makarov, Marat256752 33.32
137 Kobalija, Mihail256753 18.33
138 Polugaevsky, Lev A256659 61.78
139 Browne, Walter S256652 47.64
140 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir256649 45.83
141 Sutovsky, Emil256650 18.94
142 Smagin, Sergey256552 37.97
143 Christiansen, Larry M256550 40.18
144 Spassky, Boris V256458 59.59
145 Fedorov, Alexei256454 23.92
146 Stohl, Igor256448 31.92
147 Kharitonov, Andrey Y256350 37.41
148 Makarichev, Sergey Y256260 42.79
149 Atalik, Suat256149 31.89
150 Bischoff, Klaus256049 35.23
151 Ulibin, Mikhail256050 25.25
152 Gleizerov, Evgeny256052 33.45
153 Arkhipov, Sergey255954 42.19
154 Lobron, Eric255948 36.32
155 Fedorowicz, John P255855 37.92
156 Minasian, Artashes255750 29.61
157 Schlosser, Philipp255749 28.03
158 Romanishin, Oleg M255748 44.64
159 Bezgodov, Alexei255754 27.17
160 Watson, William N255759 34.37
161 Sagalchik, Gennadij255657 27.36
162 Wahls, Matthias255648 28.60
163 King, Daniel J255554 33.01
164 Xu Jun255555 33.95
165 Sorokin, Maxim255451 28.61
166 Goldin, Alexander255449 31.51
167 Chiburdanidze, Maia G255451 35.62
168 Aseev, Konstantin N255450 35.86
169 Wang Zili255354 28.21
170 Kurajica, Bojan255350 48.79
171 Beim, Valery255352 46.46
172 Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander255348 33.63
173 Greenfeld, Alon255249 32.37
174 Balashov, Yury S255250 47.47
175 Pugachov, Alexey255158 31.01
176 Kosashvili, Yona255154 26.16
177 Hansen, Lars Bo255150 27.93
178 Movsesian, Sergei255149 17.83
179 Kruppa, Yuri255053 32.19
180 Sax, Gyula255050 45.20
181 Shabalov, Alexander255050 28.96
182 Fishbein, Alexander255063 28.31
183 Varavin, Viktor254957 29.27
184 Anastasian, Ashot254950 32.12
185 Kotronias, Vasilios254849 32.02
186 Sherbakov, Ruslan254749 26.96
187 Notkin, Maksim254751 32.72
188 Hertneck, Gerald254750 32.95
189 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y254752 52.32
190 Ruban, Vadim254754 32.22
191 Cebalo, Mišo254649 51.57
192 Loginov, Valery A254649 40.72
193 Smyslov, Vassily V254650 75.44
194 Neverov, Valery254651 32.19
195 Golubev, Mihail254652 26.25
196 Smikovski, Ivan254562 24.22
197 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N254551 50.37
198 Ginsburg, Gennadij254560 25.05
199 Shulman, Yuri254550 21.34
200 Maksimenko, Andrei254550 26.73
201 Bönsch, Uwe254550 37.88
202 Magem Badals, Jordi254449 29.02
203 Baburin, Alexander254452 29.53
204 Timoshchenko, Gennady254452 47.34
205 Kuzmin, Gennady P254453 50.62
206 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V254449 51.93
207 Serper, Grigory254350 26.96
208 Dao Thien Hai254348 18.31
209 Kacheishvili, Giorgi254354 19.56
210 Kupreichik, Viktor D254250 47.16
211 Gurevich, Ilya254260 24.56
212 Stangl, Markus254250 27.34
213 Malisauskas, Vidmantas254253 33.07
214 Voitsekhovsky, Stanislav254265 32.07
215 Ibragimov, Ildar254248 29.04
216 Sermek, Drazen254148 27.59
217 Hebden, Mark254150 38.54
218 Zagrebelny, Sergey254153
219 Yurtaev, Leonid254159 37.33
220 Saltaev, Mihail254152 33.78
221 Yemelin, Vasily254152 20.58
222 Babula, Vlastimil254051 22.91
223 Ivanov, Alexander V254051 40.33
224 Kindermann, Stefan254048 36.68
225 Nogueiras, Jesus253950 37.12
226 Arencibia, Walter253950 29.11
227 Muhutdinov, Marat253866 28.79
228 Gorelov, Sergey G253859 39.04
229 Podgaets, Mikhail Y253866 49.11
230 Vesselovsky, Serguei253858 44.60
231 Frolov, Artur253755 26.09
232 Arnason, Jon L253754 35.80
233 Spangenberg, Hugo253649 20.78
234 Gabriel, Christian253649 21.49
235 Ruzele, Darius253653 28.34
236 Mariano, Nelson253663 22.18
237 Chekhov, Valery A253653 40.76
238 Brodsky, Michail253551 27.43
239 Avrukh, Boris253553 18.65
240 Dokutchaev, Aleksander253559 24.25
241 Maiorov, Oleg253555 25.11
242 Hulak, Krunoslav253450 45.27
243 Gallagher, Joseph G253450 32.32
244 Ivanov, Alexander V2253466 40.33
245 Conquest, Stuart253449 29.50
246 Didishko, Vereslav253452 47.39
247 Smejkal, Jan253351 50.44
248 Dlugy, Maxim253371 30.59
249 Mecking, Henrique253365 44.61
250 Iuldachev, Saidali253363 28.58
251 Spraggett, Kevin B253250 41.81
252 Drasko, Milan253250 33.73
253 Dizdar, Goran253250 37.74
254 Ionov, Sergey253251 34.65
255 Kiselev, Sergey253150 34.96
256 Gurevich, Dmitry253149 39.97
257 van der Wiel, John T H253149 37.06
258 Van der Sterren, Paul253149 40.46
259 Zezulkin, Jurij253173 25.04
260 Chandler, Murray G253055 36.41
261 Palac, Mladen253049 25.54
262 Solozhenkin, Evgeniy253051 30.08
263 Poluljahov, Aleksandr252950 31.23
264 Hort, Vlastimil252851 52.64
265 Orlov, Georgi252858
266 Miladinovic, Igor252850 22.60
267 Moskalenko, Viktor252752 35.74
268 Plaskett, Jim252766 36.45
269 Adorján, András252753 46.42
270 Gruenfeld, Yehuda252656 40.51
271 Donchev, Dimitar I252669 38.11
272 Zhelnin, Vladimir V252667 49.47
273 Djuric, Stefan252653 41.10
274 Yuneev, Alexey252661
275 Ivanov, Sergey252652 34.92
276 Arkhangelsky, Boris252574 65.61
277 Rodriguez, Ad252573
278 Kosic, Dragan252551 26.54
279 Kveinys, Aloyzas252549 34.14
280 Bagirov, Vladimir K252551 60.04
281 Malakhov, Vladimir252551 15.76
282 Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav252454 30.46
283 Akhmadeev, Vadim252462 40.13
284 Peng Xiaomin252355 23.40
285 Vogt, Lothar H252353 44.62
286 Tseitlin, Mark D252351 52.93
287 Annageldyev, Orazly252359 36.45
288 Zarubin, Pavel252360 28.55
289 Kotsur, Pavel252356 22.66
290 Budnikov, Alexandar252261 29.60
291 Nijboer, Friso252249 31.26
292 Vasiukov, Evgeny A252152 63.49
293 Mainka, Romuald252051 33.29
294 Haba, Petr252050 31.65
295 Popovic, Petar251951 37.55
296 Burmakin, Vladimir251850 29.23
297 Hector, Jonny251749 32.55
298 Blatny, Pavel251748 28.19
299 Shabanov, Yury F251765 58.80
300 Alburt, Lev O251760 51.03
301 Korzubov, Peter251773 34.66
302 Ilincic, Zlatko251651 28.31
303 Buturin, Vladimir251655 52.78
304 Damljanovic, Branko251649 35.21
305 Marin, Mihail251549 31.36
306 Nikolenko, Oleg251554 37.20
307 Liss, Eran251550 21.16
308 Filippov, Valerij251551 20.76
309 Moroz, Alexander251459 35.62
310 Knaak, Rainer F251454 43.46
311 Polovodin, Igor A251470 41.44
312 Shariyazdanov, Andrey251454 20.14
313 Dvoretsky, Mark I251469 48.73
314 Strikovic, Aleksa251450 35.30
315 Rustemov, Alexander251451 23.15
316 Kishnev, Sergey251355 39.83
317 Danielsen, Henrik251353 30.61
318 Cramling, Pia251349 33.36
319 Dyachkov, Sergej251353 19.82
320 Kudrin, Sergey251354 36.98
321 Zapata, Alonso251251 38.03
322 Golod, Vitali251254 25.18
323 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B251252 41.79
324 Rodriguez, Andres251252 22.70
325 Gyimesi, Zoltan251149 19.42
326 Istratescu, Andrei251151 20.74
327 Yegiazarian, Arsen251157 26.20
328 Djurhuus, Rune251150 26.60
329 Shchekachev, Andrei251151 23.84
330 Ionescu, Constantin251053 37.96
331 Olafsson, Helgi251050 40.04
332 Lanka, Zigurds251050 36.28
333 Johansen, Darryl K251059 37.57
334 Davies, Nigel R251051 36.08
335 Emms, John M251049 29.46
336 Sokolin, Leonid M250969
337 Horváth, Csaba250948 28.24
338 Apicella, Manuel250849 26.37
339 Belikov, Vladimir250852 25.08
340 Arbakov, Valentin250851 44.59
341 Fomichenko, Eduard250873 27.64
342 Vaulin, Alexander250851 39.45
343 Kuczynski, Robert250751 30.37
344 Rodriguez, Amador250751 39.97
345 Groszpeter, Attila250749 36.23
346 Dimitrov, Vladimir250750 28.39
347 Manor, Ilan250753 26.85
348 Dizdarevic, Emir250751 38.41
349 Mokrý, Karel250753 37.57
350 Thorsteins, Karl250763 31.88
351 Ye Rongguang250654 32.91
352 Zakharevich, Igor250652 33.13
353 Sulskis, Sarunas250651 23.76
354 Brenninkmeijer, Joris250656 26.96
355 Ye Jiangchuan250653 35.78
356 Lugovoi, Aleksei250651 21.49
357 Horvath, Jozsef250547 32.05
358 Barua, Dibyendu250553 29.84
359 Rausis, Igors250549 35.40
360 Kalantarian, Norik250557 34.04
361 Zhuravliov, Valerij250566 57.72
362 Khachian, Melikset250554 26.15
363 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto250549 38.69
364 Xie Jun250550 25.84
365 Kaminski, Marcin250549 19.47
366 Yandemirov, Valeri250551 33.55
367 Kron, Valentin250571 31.97
368 Janjgava, Lasha250461 26.32
369 Har Zvi, Ronen250452 19.88
370 Franco Ocampos, Zenon250451 40.30
371 Palatnik, Semen A250459 46.43
372 Khasin, Alexander250464 45.34
373 Chuchelov, Vladimir250352 26.92
374 Legky, Nikolay A250351 41.39
375 Podzielny, Karl Heinz250356 41.97
376 Guliev, Sarhan250349 28.41
377 Yuferov, Sergey N250355 50.74
378 Soffer, Ram250352 30.98
379 Agrest, Evgenij250354 30.04
380 Kalinitschew, Sergey250355 40.58
381 Klinger, Josef250263 29.23
382 Klovans, Janis250250 61.39
383 Luther, Thomas250249 26.82
384 Suba, Mihai250250 49.25
385 Sher, Miron N250249 44.17
386 Zagorskis, Darius250152 26.78
387 Chernyshov, Konstantin250153 29.22
388 Antunes, Antonio250150 34.57
389 Gausel, Einar250149 32.75
390 Gavrilakis, Nikolaos250057 41.44
391 Mitenkov, Alexey250053 35.48
392 Slobodjan, Roman250050 21.66
393 Zlochevskij, Alexander250054 33.18
394 Nielsen, Peter Heine249949 23.27
395 Sosonko, Gennadi249952 53.29
396 Nevednichy, Vladislav249951 26.99
397 Zontakh, Andrey249854 25.82
398 Wells, Peter K249848 31.37
399 Jakubiec, Artur249861 22.74
400 Milov, Leonid249858 30.57
401 Tischbierek, Raj249751 33.93
402 Temirbaev, Serik249660
403 Martinovic, Slobodan249653 51.10
404 Vukic, Milan249654 53.03
405 Mestel, A Jonathan249665 39.47
406 Maljutin, Evgeni249560 24.83
407 Feygin, Michail249560 21.58
408 Keitlinghaus, Ludger249549 31.10
409 Renet, Olivier249550 31.69
410 Ubilava, Elizbar E249552 46.01
411 Nikolaidis, Ioannis249550 25.66
412 Norwood, David249457 27.91
413 Gluzman, Mikhail249466 28.98
414 Najer, Evgeniy249454 19.19
415 Namgilov, Sogto249457 35.79
416 Faragó, Iván249348 50.41
417 Kosten, Anthony C249355 38.10
418 Hamdouchi, Hichem249354 23.90
419 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V249355 49.04
420 Kumaran, Dharshan249352 21.23
421 Krogius, Nikolay V249357 66.11
422 Nadyrhanov, Sergey249356 32.92
423 Klebel, Martin249267 30.30
424 Kalegin, Evgenij249255 41.98
425 Mukhametov, Eldar249253 27.28
426 Pavlovic, Milos249252 32.65
427 Zarnicki, Pablo249251 23.80
428 Gabdrakhmanov, Rafail249268 37.23
429 Kiriakov, Petr249156 21.64
430 Stanec, Nikolaus249149 28.34
431 Kuporosov, Viktor249154 34.92
432 Wang Pin249165 21.72
433 Garcia Ilundain, David249049 25.41
434 Vasquez, Rodrigo249065 26.73
435 Ryskin, Alexander249058 33.64
436 Panchenko, Alexander N248953 42.90
437 Uhlmann, Wolfgang248950 61.42
438 Gofshtein, Leonid D248950 43.36
439 Kalinin, Alexander248964 28.26
440 Markowski, Tomasz248949 21.09
441 Schoenthier, Frank248976 37.79
442 Minasian, Ara248957 22.38
443 Badea, Bela248854 27.53
444 Kholmov, Ratmir D248850 71.30
445 Jansa, Vlastimil248849 53.76
446 Levin, Felix248853 37.82
447 Kovalev, Andrei248851 34.82
448 Nikcevic, Nebojsa248851
449 Finkel, Alexander248851 21.66
450 Ivanovic, Božidar248853 50.02
451 Borges Mateos, Juan248762 30.43
452 Pfleger, Helmut248763 53.07
453 Lazarev, Vladimir248755 32.24
454 Larsen, Bent248753 61.49
455 Tregubov, Pavel V248750 24.69
456 Zaitsev, Igor A248750 58.26
457 Kovacevic, Vladimir248752 54.43
458 Howell, James C248649 29.29
459 Bangiev, Alexander248669 49.79
460 Rytshagov, Mikhail248650 28.80
461 Cherepkov, Alexander V248571 75.84
462 Antonio, Rogelio Jr248558 34.53
463 Tisdall, Jonathan D248550 38.01
464 Abramovic, Boško248551 45.55
465 Li Zunian248572 38.65
466 Lau, Ralf248550 36.87
467 Mitkov, Nikola248552 24.70
468 Karpman, Vadim248565 31.30
469 Frias, Victor J248564 40.56
470 Li Wenliang248559 29.36
471 Winants, Luc248456 33.66
472 Volkov, Sergey248458 22.57
473 Shmuter, Leonid248452 27.33
474 Fercec, Nenad248355 35.39
475 Hernandez, Gilberto248350
476 Geller, Efim P248358 71.50
477 Nisipeanu, Liviu Dieter248353 20.08
478 Miezis, Normunds248349 25.30
479 Gasimov, Ragim248259 20.33
480 Shevelev, Sergei248174 27.40
481 Schandorff, Lars248150 31.36
482 San Segundo Carrillo, Pablo248150 26.56
483 Mirumian, Vigen248156 18.92
484 Asrian, Karen248157 16.35
485 Komliakov, Viktor248150 36.35
486 Tseitlin, Mikhail S248056 49.21
487 Panchenko, Alexandar G248057 35.40
488 Murshed, Niaz248057 30.30
489 Lukin, Andrei M248056 48.01
490 Akesson, Ralf248051 35.56
491 Kazhgaleyev, Murtas248059
492 Richter, Wolfgang248066 28.53
493 Petrosian, Arshak B247953 42.71
494 Iskusnyh, Sergei247952 21.98
495 Parameswaran, Tiruchi N247970 40.80
496 Borovikov, Vladislav247976 23.06
497 Vakhidov, Tahir247973
498 Brunner, Lucas247950 29.26
499 Hug, Werner247953 43.97
500 Zifroni, Dov247952 20.54

These ratings, calculated as of August 31, 1996, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between September 1, 1995 and August 31, 1996, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of August 31, 1995. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of August 31, 1996. This represents the player's estimated strength on September 1, 1996.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on September 1, 1996. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on September 1, 1996 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on September 1, 1996. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on August 31, 1996. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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