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Top 10 active players as of November 30, 1988


Top 500 active players as of November 30, 1988

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28244859.9% #225.63
2 Karpov, Anatoly E28014733.5% #337.52
3 Beliavsky, Alexander G2704481.0% #2334.95
4 Short, Nigel D2695480.7% #2723.50
5 Timman, Jan H2692470.6% #2936.95
6 Salov, Valery B2686500.6% #3424.51
7 Tal, Mikhail2686480.4% #3352.06
8 Gelfand, Boris2679510.5% #3920.43
9 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2677490.3% #3942.71
10 Speelman, Jonathan S2676480.3% #4032.16
11 Jussupow, Artur M2666480.1% #4728.80
12 Portisch, Lajos2666480.1% #4751.65
13 Ivanchuk, Vassily2666500.2% #4819.70
14 Psakhis, Lev B2661480.1% #5130.00
15 Ehlvest, Jaan2661480.1% #5226.13
16 Andersson, Ulf2660480.1% #5337.43
17 Chernin, Alexander M2657490.1% #5528.73
18 Ribli, Zoltán2654490.1% #5837.23
19 Yudasin, Leonid G2654500.1% #5929.31
20 Khalifman, Alexander2653490.1% #5922.87
21 Korchnoi, Viktor L2653470.1% #5857.69
22 Lputian, Smbat G2652480.1% #6030.79
23 Agdestein, Simen2647510.1% #6521.54
24 Hübner, Robert2647490.1% #6540.07
25 Vaganian, Rafael A2646480.1% #6537.12
26 Spassky, Boris V2643490.1% #6951.83
27 Nunn, John D M2642480.1% #6933.60
28 Nikolic, Predrag263848 #7328.22
29 Eingorn, Viacheslav S263750 #7532.01
30 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A2634540.1% #8128.70
31 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir263447 #7738.08
32 Larsen, Bent263350 #7953.74
33 Sokolov, Andrey Y263348 #7825.69
34 Dolmatov, Sergey V263350 #7829.78
35 Gavrikov, Victor N263349 #7931.34
36 Gulko, Boris F263149 #8041.81
37 Seirawan, Yasser263149 #8128.68
38 Malaniuk, Vladimir P263148 #8031.36
39 Polugaevsky, Lev A262950 #8454.03
40 Dvoiris, Semen I262855 #8930.08
41 Sax, Gyula262849 #8437.45
42 Dreev, Alexey262551 #8819.86
43 Vyzmanavin, Alexey262553 #9128.91
44 Smagin, Sergey262450 #8830.23
45 Hjartarson, Jóhann262448 #8725.81
46 Torre, Eugenio262250 #9137.07
47 Georgiev, Kiril262149 #9123.01
48 Gurevich, Mikhail N262149 #9129.77
49 Dautov, Rustem262154 #9623.01
50 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y262053 #9531.86
51 Romanishin, Oleg M261948 #9336.89
52 Dokhoian, Yury261850 #9524.09
53 Hort, Vlastimil261749 #9644.88
54 Razuvaev, Yury S261751 #9843.14
55 Yurtaev, Leonid261552 #10029.58
56 Balashov, Yury S261549 #9839.72
57 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V261451 #10044.18
58 Chandler, Murray G261048 #10228.65
59 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E260752 #10938.80
60 Lerner, Konstantin Z260651 #10938.76
61 Smyslov, Vassily V260452 #11267.68
62 Dorfman, Iosif D260150 #11536.58
63 Nogueiras, Jesus259648 #11829.37
64 Aseev, Konstantin N259553 #12228.11
65 Ubilava, Elizbar E259556 #12638.26
66 Huzman, Alexander259352 #12426.64
67 Kharitonov, Andrey Y259349 #12229.65
68 Smirin, Ilia259351 #12420.86
69 Kuzmin, Gennady P259254 #12642.86
70 Kupreichik, Viktor D259250 #12439.41
71 Oll, Lembit259251 #12522.60
72 Bareev, Evgeny258951 #12922.02
73 Pigusov, Evgeny258952 #12927.66
74 Murey, Yakov258752 #13047.33
75 Krasenkow, Michal258654 #13325.04
76 Ionov, Sergey258558 #13826.90
77 Panchenko, Alexander N258455 #13635.15
78 Sokolov, Ivan258452 #13420.46
79 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N258451 #13342.62
80 Christiansen, Larry M258449 #13232.43
81 Rozentalis, Eduardas258351 #13425.51
82 Kaidanov, Gregory S258351 #13429.13
83 Naumkin, Igor258353 #13623.30
84 Epishin, Vladimir258353 #13623.38
85 Timoshchenko, Gennady258251 #13639.59
86 Ulibin, Mikhail258054 #14017.50
87 Benjamin, Joel L257949 #13624.72
88 Goldin, Alexander257952 #13923.76
89 Gorelov, Sergey G257959 #14431.28
90 Kholmov, Ratmir D257952 #13963.55
91 Anand, Viswanathan257852 #13918.96
92 Neverov, Valery257853 #14124.44
93 Giorgadze, Giorgi257857 #14424.14
94 Kovalev, Andrei257759 #14527.06
95 Dlugy, Maxim257650 #14022.84
96 Kruppa, Yuri257555 #14524.44
97 Chekhov, Valery A257350 #14433.01
98 Pintér, József257350 #14335.06
99 van der Wiel, John T H257348 #14229.31
100 Arkhipov, Sergey257358 #14934.44
101 Podgaets, Mikhail Y257367 41.35
102 Sosonko, Gennadi257250 45.53
103 Miles, Anthony J257250 33.60
104 Yermolinsky, Alex V257151 30.63
105 Kavalek, Lubomir256958 45.31
106 Hansen, Curt256949 24.20
107 Ftácnik, Lubomír256850 31.08
108 Vaisser, Anatoli256752 39.73
109 Adorján, András256650 38.66
110 Karlsson, Lars256650 33.38
111 Lobron, Eric256549 28.56
112 Greenfeld, Alon256252 24.62
113 Makarichev, Sergey Y256155 35.04
114 Darga, Klaus V256068 54.77
115 Hellers, Ferdinand255951 19.84
116 Zaichik, Gennady L255951 31.80
117 Kudrin, Sergey255950 29.23
118 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B255950 34.03
119 Kochiev, Alexander255955 32.68
120 Didishko, Vereslav255865 39.64
121 Vasiukov, Evgeny A255855 55.73
122 Morovic Fernández, Iván E255756 25.68
123 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y255755 44.57
124 Savchenko, Stanislav255757 21.86
125 Glek, Igor V255556 27.06
126 Sorokin, Maxim255558 20.86
127 Popovic, Petar255550 29.79
128 Franco Ocampos, Zenon255458 32.55
129 Novikov, Igor A255150 26.52
130 Todorcevic, Miodrag255154 48.05
131 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I255071 38.61
132 Soppe, Guillermo255065 28.20
133 Kurajica, Bojan254961 41.04
134 Rogers, Ian254950 28.43
135 Fedorowicz, John P254850 30.18
136 Arnason, Jon L254850 28.05
137 Kveinys, Aloyzas254861 26.39
138 Reshevsky, Samuel H254871 77.01
139 Najdorf, Miguel254764 78.62
140 Uhlmann, Wolfgang254751 53.67
141 Quinteros, Miguel A254758 40.92
142 Browne, Walter S254652 39.89
143 Shabanov, Yury F254562 51.05
144 Taimanov, Mark E254574 62.81
145 Liberzon, Vladimir M254464 51.69
146 Spraggett, Kevin B254454 34.05
147 Bagirov, Vladimir K254456 52.29
148 Lanka, Zigurds254359 28.52
149 Kuzmin, Alexey254256 25.73
150 Smejkal, Jan254251 42.69
151 deFirmian, Nicholas E254251 31.34
152 Mokrý, Karel254251 29.81
153 Janjgava, Lasha254252 18.57
154 Ivanov, Alexander V254164 32.58
155 Shneider, Aleksandr254158 26.52
156 Yakovich, Yuri254155 25.99
157 Csom, István254051 48.49
158 Gaprindashvili, Nona253957 47.57
159 Suba, Mihai253951 41.50
160 Chiburdanidze, Maia G253851 27.87
161 Kindermann, Stefan253848 28.92
162 Hulak, Krunoslav253752 37.51
163 Panno, Oscar R253756 53.70
164 Olafsson, Helgi253649 32.29
165 Barua, Dibyendu253654 22.09
166 Marjanovic, Slavoljub253550 33.90
167 Pfleger, Helmut253557 45.32
168 Pétursson, Margeir253449 28.79
169 Cebalo, Mišo253451 43.82
170 Ivanovic, Božidar253451 42.27
171 Savon, Vladimir A253262 48.18
172 Kiselev, Sergey253257 27.21
173 Adams, Michael253256 17.04
174 Gipslis, Aivars253256 51.81
175 Moskalenko, Viktor253155 27.98
176 Velimirovic, Dragoljub253151 46.55
177 Hodgson, Julian M253149 25.35
178 Lalic, Bogdan253152 24.73
179 Mestel, A Jonathan253053 31.71
180 Petrienko, Vladimir252969 33.72
181 Rohde, Michael A252952 29.26
182 Gligoric, Svetozar252956 65.83
183 Kovacevic, Vladimir252854 46.68
184 Kengis, Edvins252755 29.63
185 Knaak, Rainer F252649 35.70
186 Cvitan, Ognjen252650 27.14
187 Adianto, Utut252660 23.70
188 Shirov, Alexei252559 16.40
189 Bönsch, Uwe252549 30.12
190 Groszpeter, Attila252451 28.47
191 Schussler, Harry252453 31.43
192 Ekstroem, Roland252458 32.52
193 Gheorghiu, Florin252251 44.65
194 Watson, William N252249 26.62
195 Gruenfeld, Yehuda252253 32.76
196 Kalinitschew, Sergey252164 32.82
197 Simic, Radoslav252159 40.47
198 Gufeld, Eduard E252157 52.70
199 Rodriguez, Amador252150 32.23
200 Veingold, Aleksander252065 35.14
201 Sahovic, Dragutin252061 48.31
202 Wedberg, Tom252051 35.01
203 Legky, Nikolay A252069 33.63
204 Mochalov, Evgeny V251867 37.09
205 Faragó, Iván251849 42.66
206 Antunes, Antonio251761 26.82
207 Byrne, Robert E251761 60.61
208 Palatnik, Semen A251655 38.68
209 Vogt, Lothar H251650 36.87
210 Bischoff, Klaus251650 27.47
211 Cámpora, Daniel H251551 31.42
212 Barbero, Gerardo F251453 27.27
213 Kozlov, V.251461
214 King, Daniel J251451 25.26
215 Bronstein, David I251461 64.78
216 Govedarica, Radovan251367 40.79
217 Donchev, Dimitar I251356 30.36
218 Frias, Victor J251356 32.80
219 Loginov, Valery A251255 32.96
220 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto251254 30.94
221 Murshed, Niaz251259 22.55
222 London, Dimitri251174 26.02
223 García Gonzáles, Guillermo251151 34.97
224 Nikolac, Juraj251059 56.61
225 Geller, Efim P250951 63.74
226 Kantsler, Boris250959 26.62
227 Flear, Glenn C250850 29.80
228 Zagrebelny, Sergey250758
229 Lukin, Andrei M250757 40.26
230 Seret, Jean Luc250766
231 Guseinov, Aidyn250756 36.91
232 Hickl, Joerg250750 23.62
233 Vitolinš, Alvis250661 42.46
234 Graf, Alexander250653 26.26
235 Andrianov, Nikolai250571 26.94
236 Zapata, Alonso250350 30.27
237 Sunye Neto, Jaime250357 31.58
238 Klaric, Zlatko250362 32.10
239 Dizdar, Goran250351 29.98
240 Inkiov, Ventzislav250150 32.53
241 Stoica, Valentin250161 38.79
242 Tringov, Georgy P250059 51.73
243 Tischbierek, Raj250052 26.18
244 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel249954 22.98
245 Ermenkov, Evgenij249953 39.17
246 Anastasian, Ashot249857 24.37
247 Vukic, Milan249875 45.28
248 Plaskett, Jim249852 28.70
249 Alburt, Lev O249853 43.27
250 Magerramov, Elmar S249854 30.64
251 Barlov, Dragan249851 31.83
252 Jansa, Vlastimil249850 46.01
253 Ivanov, Igor V249854 41.89
254 Rivas Pastor, Manuel249755 28.38
255 Lau, Ralf249749 29.11
256 Ernst, Thomas249751 28.29
257 Tseitlin, Mikhail S249661 41.45
258 Fokin, Sergey249662 33.13
259 Nijboer, Friso249558 23.51
260 Garcia Palermo, Carlos249551 34.99
261 Rajkovic, Dusan249554 46.45
262 Kishnev, Sergey249565 32.08
263 Foisor, Ovidiu249552 29.65
264 Akopian, Vladimir249454 16.97
265 Meduna, Eduard249451 38.22
266 Stohl, Igor249452 24.18
267 Nemet, Ivan249460 45.63
268 Hazai, Laszlo249351 35.46
269 Espig, Lutz249355 39.90
270 Mainka, Romuald249356 25.54
271 Xu Jun249355 26.20
272 Velikov, Petar249255 37.67
273 Reyes, Juan249267 25.59
274 Horvath, Jozsef249251 24.30
275 Van der Sterren, Paul249150 32.70
276 Sideif Sade, Fikret I249159 36.91
277 Meister, Yakov249163 33.22
278 Unzicker, Wolfgang249158 63.43
279 Ostermeyer, Peter249169 45.13
280 Meyer, E.249174
281 Damljanovic, Branko249053 27.45
282 Eslon, Jaan249073 36.74
283 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H249063 29.61
284 Antoshin, Vladimir S249076 59.54
285 Abramovic, Boško249051 37.79
286 Basin, Leonid248955 31.02
287 Mohr, Stefan248852 21.11
288 Vera, Reynaldo248854 27.90
289 Hebden, Mark248852 30.79
290 Kurtenkov, Atanas248873 25.33
291 Ye Jiangchuan248761 28.03
292 Petrosian, Arshak B248752 34.95
293 Marin, Mihail248654 23.61
294 Ree, Hans248658 44.21
295 Wilder, Michael248552 26.20
296 Georgadze, Tamaz V248561 41.06
297 Milos, Gilberto248554 25.08
298 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich248454 32.89
299 Shamkovich, Leonid A248461 65.50
300 Wahls, Matthias248452 20.84
301 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E248450 21.76
302 Sznapik, Aleksander248451 37.80
303 Lein, Anatoly248455 57.67
304 Popchev, Milko248352 24.05
305 Skembris, Spyridon248357 30.77
306 Ornstein, Axel248360 36.60
307 Rogulj, Branko248371 37.33
308 Li Zunian248370 30.89
309 Okhotnik, Vladimir248359 38.76
310 Polgar, Zsuzsa248350 19.61
311 McKay, Roderick M248372 36.80
312 Gutman, Lev248251 43.18
313 Hecht, Hans-Joachim248262 49.84
314 Marangunic, Srdjan248163 45.08
315 Malisauskas, Vidmantas248156 25.32
316 Khenkin, Igor248160 20.69
317 Georgiev, Krum248152 30.52
318 Renet, Olivier248051 23.94
319 Raicevic, Momcilo248066
320 Ionescu, Constantin247954 30.22
321 Ivkov, Borislav247957 55.05
322 Lukov, Valentin247956 32.96
323 Karpman, Vadim247961 23.55
324 Joksic, Sinisa247973 48.14
325 Rukavina, Josip247962 46.00
326 Gabdrakhmanov, Rafail247875 29.48
327 Pekarek, Ales247852 26.95
328 Ruban, Vadim247860 24.46
329 Serper, Grigory247852 19.21
330 Lukacs, Peter247748 38.39
331 Rechlis, Gad247754 21.82
332 Mortensen, Erling247654 33.65
333 Davies, Nigel R247650 28.33
334 Lechtynsky, Jiri247654 41.01
335 Ninov, Kiril247654 20.14
336 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I247563 55.05
337 Petkevich, Jusefs247564 47.94
338 Lombardy, William J247466 50.98
339 Filipovic, Branko247459 31.15
340 Tisdall, Jonathan D247452 30.26
341 Drasko, Milan247450 25.98
342 Rubinetti, Jorge A247361 43.66
343 Efimov, Igor247363 28.20
344 Schneider, Lars Ake247358
345 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz247350 45.64
346 Renman, Nils Gustaf247263
347 Valkesalmi, Kimmo247255 27.58
348 Yrjola, Jouni247251 29.10
349 Motwani, Paul247256 26.46
350 Belov, Igor247170
351 Ostojic, Predrag247167 50.77
352 Akhmilovskaya, Elena247170
353 Zilberstein, Valery I247166 45.63
354 Řgaard, Leif247065 36.90
355 Matulovic, Milan247058 53.47
356 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes247057 45.40
357 Padevsky, Nikola B246968 55.50
358 Andres Mendez, Miguel246966
359 Pytel, Krzysztof246972 43.54
360 Piket, Jeroen246950 19.84
361 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis246862 34.57
362 Ambroz, Jan246868 34.45
363 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel246855 39.35
364 Mednis, Edmar J246857 51.69
365 Dueball, Juergen246771 43.67
366 Wolf, Volker246763 31.23
367 Szekely, Peter246757 33.81
368 Verduga, Denis Homero246760
369 Dizdarevic, Emir246754 30.66
370 Polasek, Jaroslav246663 31.67
371 Hansen, Lars Bo246652 20.18
372 Kosten, Anthony C246650 30.35
373 Kotronias, Vasilios246552 24.26
374 Hertneck, Gerald246552 25.20
375 Atalik, Suat246567 24.14
376 Portisch, Ferenc246367 49.64
377 Zaitsev, Igor A246366 50.51
378 Gavrilov, Alexei246376 18.40
379 Gruenenwald, Joerg246361 23.49
380 Schlosser, Philipp246268 20.28
381 Reefschlaeger, Helmut246262 44.64
382 Vokác, Marek246252 29.98
383 Kogan, Boris246262
384 Staniszewski, Piotr246253 22.24
385 Braga, Fernando246254 30.39
386 Plachetka, Jan246250 43.78
387 Khasin, Alexander246060 37.59
388 Kraidman, Yair246075 56.08
389 Nun, Jiri245957 31.34
390 Mascarinas, Rico245965 35.74
391 Knezevic, Milorad245954 52.08
392 Pedersen, Erik245971 30.22
393 Keitlinghaus, Ludger245856 23.35
394 Ryskin, Alexander245866 25.88
395 Winants, Luc245851 25.91
396 Haba, Petr245855 23.90
397 Piasetski, Leon David245767
398 Schoenthier, Frank245775 30.03
399 Levin, Felix245764 30.07
400 Gurevich, Dmitry245652 32.22
401 Yap, Andronico245668
402 Tempone, Marcelo245560 26.23
403 Ioseliani, Nana245556 26.80
404 Hawelko, Marek245552 29.30
405 Djuric, Stefan245552 33.34
406 Radulov, Ivan245556 49.90
407 Zhuravliov, Valerij245469 49.96
408 Kouatly, Bachar245450 30.74
409 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur245462 41.18
410 Timoshenko, Georgy245475 22.50
411 Levitt, Jonathan245352 25.49
412 Ziatdinov, Raset245361 29.92
413 Rachels, Stuart245362 19.18
414 Zysk, Robert245256 22.57
415 Nikolic, Zivoslav245255 34.96
416 Ardiansyah, Haji245263 36.98
417 Klinger, Josef245151 21.48
418 Negulescu, Adrian245157 27.47
419 Schmittdiel, Eckhard245055 28.55
420 Barbulescu, Dan245060 24.44
421 Kamsky, Gata245061 14.49
422 Veinger, Itzhak245061 50.40
423 Norwood, David244955 20.16
424 Popov, Luben244962 52.84
425 Litvinov, Vladimir244967 47.37
426 Klundt, Klaus244858 46.92
427 Blatny, Pavel244852 20.44
428 Garcia, Gildardo244855 34.72
429 Pribyl, Josef244753 41.13
430 Saltaev, Mihail244760 26.03
431 Tolnai, Tibor244752 24.19
432 Cramling, Dan244762 29.82
433 Shabalov, Alexander244653 21.22
434 Kolev, Atanas244663 21.37
435 Prandstetter, Eduard244652 39.95
436 Gurevich, Vladimir244576 29.32
437 Makropoulos, Georgios244564 35.17
438 Sadler, Matthew244564 14.54
439 Neckar, Lubomir244563 38.33
440 Spiridonov, Nikola244557 50.76
441 Janovsky, Sergey244470 28.79
442 Bukal, Vladimir Sr244257 49.08
443 Trapl, Jindrich244269 46.68
444 Sher, Miron N244172 36.42
445 Karasev, Vladimir I244169 50.45
446 Spassov, Liuben244161 45.69
447 Magomedov, Magaram244167 22.53
448 Thorsteins, Karl244052 24.13
449 Gauglitz, Gernot244057 26.42
450 Kuijf, Marinus244054 28.80
451 Semkov, Semko244053 28.75
452 Solozhenkin, Evgeniy243968 22.33
453 Birnboim, Nathan243955 38.01
454 Lalev, Dimitar243961 28.87
455 Wolff, Patrick G243955 20.79
456 Krnic, Zdenko243964 41.16
457 Rakic, Tomislav243962 54.05
458 Conquest, Stuart243950 21.75
459 Kallai, Gabor243961 29.77
460 Piesina, Gintautas243863 36.64
461 Sherzer, Alex243857 17.83
462 Toshkov, Tihomir243857 29.03
463 Cabrilo, Goran243755 30.41
464 Kirov Ivanov, Nino243757 43.22
465 Benko, Pal C243763 60.37
466 Howell, James C243761 21.54
467 Horváth, Csaba243653 20.48
468 Leski, Marc243675 27.43
469 Imanaliev, Taalaibek243673
470 Ochoa de Echaguen, F Javier243564 34.24
471 Hoi, Carsten243451 31.87
472 Bonin, Jay R243463 33.40
473 Maksimovic, Branimir243457 33.29
474 Kuligowski, Adam243460 32.93
475 Lanc, Alois243452 40.78
476 Antonio, Rogelio Jr243466 26.78
477 Potts, Alan243476
478 Petran, Pal243457 42.21
479 Tatai, Stefano243353 50.69
480 Soltis, Andrew E243360 41.51
481 Gleizerov, Evgeny243262 25.69
482 Bellin, Robert243265 36.42
483 Nowak, Ignacy243262 39.88
484 Bilek, István243271 56.30
485 Graf, Juergen243260 25.67
486 Arkell, Keith C243256 27.89
487 Hug, Werner243160 36.22
488 Liang Jinrong243169 28.52
489 Kelecevic, Nedeljko243174 41.72
490 Semeniuk, Alexander A243164 36.22
491 Baburin, Alexander243067 21.78
492 Pieterse, Gert243057 26.78
493 Brueckner, Thomas243067 25.34
494 Hernandez, Roman243057 39.02
495 Casper, Thomas242954 29.70
496 Schulte, Oliver242960 19.94
497 Orso, Miklos242869 32.48
498 Horvath, Tamas242857 37.10
499 Meister, Peter242863 22.43
500 Navrotescu, Catalin242868 21.09

These ratings, calculated as of November 30, 1988, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between December 1, 1987 and November 30, 1988, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of November 30, 1987. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of November 30, 1988. This represents the player's estimated strength on December 1, 1988.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on December 1, 1988. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on December 1, 1988 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on December 1, 1988. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on November 30, 1988. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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