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Top 10 active players as of April 30, 1981


Top 500 active players as of April 30, 1981

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27894944.8% #329.93
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27725029.3% #450.10
3 Kasparov, Garry K27335210.2% #1018.05
4 Polugaevsky, Lev A2695502.2% #2246.44
5 Timman, Jan H2694471.6% #2229.38
6 Portisch, Lajos2688491.4% #2444.07
7 Beliavsky, Alexander G2688501.6% #2527.37
8 Hübner, Robert2679501.1% #2932.48
9 Spassky, Boris V2674511.0% #3144.25
10 Tal, Mikhail2669490.6% #3444.47
11 Jussupow, Artur M2665520.7% #3721.21
12 Romanishin, Oleg M2665490.5% #3629.30
13 Petrosian, Tigran V2659510.4% #4151.87
14 Psakhis, Lev B2655550.5% #4422.42
15 Andersson, Ulf2652470.2% #4329.84
16 Balashov, Yury S2652490.2% #4432.13
17 Larsen, Bent2651480.2% #4546.15
18 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2648490.2% #4636.60
19 Ribli, Zoltán2644500.2% #4929.65
20 Sosonko, Gennadi2642490.1% #5137.94
21 Dolmatov, Sergey V2640520.2% #5322.19
22 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2638490.1% #5330.49
23 Gulko, Boris F2637580.3% #5934.22
24 Vasiukov, Evgeny A2637550.3% #5848.15
25 Hort, Vlastimil263448 #5637.30
26 Smyslov, Vassily V2629530.1% #6360.10
27 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E2628510.1% #6231.22
28 Vaganian, Rafael A262450 #6429.54
29 Kupreichik, Viktor D2621540.1% #6931.82
30 Lerner, Konstantin Z2620560.1% #7131.17
31 Kuzmin, Gennady P261951 #6935.28
32 Miles, Anthony J261748 #6926.02
33 Geller, Efim P261751 #7156.16
34 Gheorghiu, Florin261650 #7137.07
35 Gufeld, Eduard E261453 #7545.11
36 Kholmov, Ratmir D2614620.2% #8055.96
37 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B2611560.1% #7826.45
38 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N261152 #7635.03
39 Kavalek, Lubomir260950 #7837.72
40 Panchenko, Alexander N260754 #8127.57
41 Christiansen, Larry M260651 #8024.84
42 Gipslis, Aivars2606590.1% #8544.23
43 Dorfman, Iosif D260454 #8428.99
44 Savon, Vladimir A2603580.1% #8740.59
45 Chernin, Alexander M2602690.2% #9421.15
46 Eingorn, Viacheslav S2598600.1% #9324.43
47 Dvoretsky, Mark I2598730.4% #10133.39
48 Sax, Gyula259650 #8829.87
49 Parma, Bruno259556 #9339.33
50 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y259457 #9536.98
51 Tarjan, James E259356 #9529.19
52 Bronstein, David I259157 #9757.20
53 Makarichev, Sergey Y259154 #9627.45
54 Seirawan, Yasser259051 #9321.10
55 Kochiev, Alexander258960 #10125.10
56 Ivanov, Igor V2589610.1% #10234.31
57 Petrosian, Arshak B258760 #10327.37
58 Kurajica, Bojan258654 #10033.46
59 Taimanov, Mark E258658 #10255.23
60 Gligoric, Svetozar258451 #9958.24
61 Alburt, Lev O258353 #10235.69
62 Ivkov, Borislav258250 #10147.47
63 Georgadze, Tamaz V258253 #10333.47
64 Unzicker, Wolfgang258055 #10655.84
65 Palatnik, Semen A2580710.1% #11731.09
66 Browne, Walter S257749 #10632.30
67 Nunn, John D M257551 #10926.01
68 Bagirov, Vladimir K257456 #11244.71
69 Smejkal, Jan257150 #11235.11
70 Veingold, Aleksander256961 #12027.55
71 Razuvaev, Yury S256951 #11535.55
72 Szabó, László2568720.1% #12864.11
73 Kapengut, Albert Z256566 #12936.82
74 Liberzon, Vladimir M256252 #12244.10
75 Adorján, András256251 #12231.08
76 Lein, Anatoly256151 #12250.09
77 Ftácnik, Lubomír256151 #12223.50
78 Tukmakov, Vladimir B255953 #12435.12
79 Didishko, Vereslav255673 #13932.05
80 Olafsson, Fridrik255556 #13046.26
81 Uhlmann, Wolfgang255551 #12846.09
82 Darga, Klaus V255468 #13947.18
83 Evans, Larry M255460 #13449.11
84 Antoshin, Vladimir S255368 #14051.95
85 Ubilava, Elizbar E255369 #14130.68
86 Najdorf, Miguel255355 #13271.04
87 Panno, Oscar R255353 #13046.12
88 Torre, Eugenio254949 #13129.49
89 Shamkovich, Leonid A254952 #13557.91
90 Tringov, Georgy P254858 #13844.15
91 Byrne, Robert E254853 #13553.03
92 Quinteros, Miguel A254750 #13433.34
93 Tseitlin, Mikhail S254759 #14033.87
94 Nemet, Ivan254661 #14238.04
95 Knaak, Rainer F254649 #13528.12
96 Csom, István254550 #13640.91
97 Vitolinš, Alvis254359 #14334.87
98 Kharitonov, Andrey Y254263 #14622.07
99 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I254171 #15147.46
100 Cebalo, Mišo254057 #14436.23
101 Matanovic, Aleksandar254062 50.93
102 Timoshchenko, Gennady253960 32.01
103 Magerramov, Elmar S253858 23.05
104 Filip, Miroslav253868 52.51
105 Kovacevic, Vladimir253863 39.09
106 Pfleger, Helmut253659 37.73
107 Stean, Michael F253452 27.65
108 Pachmann, Ludek253465 56.96
109 Velimirovic, Dragoljub253353 38.96
110 Nei, Iivo253261 49.50
111 Speelman, Jonathan S253251 24.58
112 Bukic, Enver253157 43.41
113 Lombardy, William J253059 43.40
114 Grigorian, Karen A252956 33.65
115 Nikolac, Juraj252961 49.02
116 Faragó, Iván252850 35.08
117 Simic, Radoslav252559 32.89
118 Kaplan, Julio P252367 30.76
119 Matulovic, Milan252260 45.89
120 Chekhov, Valery A252158 25.43
121 Keene, Raymond252152
122 Gavrikov, Victor N252164 23.75
123 Yurtaev, Leonid252070 21.99
124 Rogoff, Kenneth S251961 28.11
125 Peresipkin, Vladimir251974
126 Ivanov, Alexander V251958 24.99
127 Ree, Hans251950 36.62
128 Murey, Yakov251869 39.74
129 Klovans, Janis251662 46.06
130 Vukic, Milan251556 37.70
131 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I251573 31.03
132 Marjanovic, Slavoljub251454 26.32
133 Suba, Mihai251355 33.91
134 Vogt, Lothar H251249 29.29
135 Weinstein, Norman251172 30.57
136 van der Wiel, John T H251150 21.72
137 Agzamov, Georgy T251060 26.65
138 Zaitsev, Igor A251056 42.92
139 Moiseev, Oleg L251070 55.98
140 Lputian, Smbat G250954 23.21
141 Ivanovic, Božidar250953 34.68
142 Pintér, József250954 27.47
143 Suetin, Alexey S250955 54.46
144 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A250859 42.40
145 Lukin, Andrei M250872 32.67
146 Malich, Burkhard G250760 44.42
147 Espig, Lutz250652 32.32
148 Stoica, Valentin250665 31.21
149 Popovic, Petar250655 22.21
150 Zaltsman, Vitaly F250657 39.51
151 Gruenfeld, Yehuda250555 25.17
152 Marovic, Dražen250562 43.29
153 Díez del Corral, Jesús250558 48.07
154 Donner, Johannes H250457 53.82
155 Benko, Pal C250358 52.79
156 Burger, Karl250358 48.27
157 Karner, Hillar250262 45.76
158 Bleiman, Yaacov250173 33.64
159 Anikaev, Yury249965 32.84
160 Biyiasas, Peter249755 30.45
161 Barczay, Laszlo249551 45.19
162 Bilek, István249467 48.72
163 Reshevsky, Samuel H249461 69.43
164 Tatai, Stefano249357 43.10
165 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz249350 38.05
166 Padevsky, Nikola B249366 47.91
167 Knezevic, Milorad249352 44.50
168 Lukacs, Peter249252 30.81
169 Marangunic, Srdjan249269 37.50
170 Řgaard, Leif249263 29.32
171 Popov, Luben249155 45.26
172 Nikolic, Zivoslav249162 27.38
173 Radulov, Ivan249154 42.31
174 Kraidman, Yair248872 48.50
175 Vaisser, Anatoli248871 32.15
176 Vera, Reynaldo248762 20.31
177 Jansson, Borje248674 39.13
178 Lechtynsky, Jiri248655 33.43
179 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur248454 33.60
180 Ermenkov, Evgenij248453 31.59
181 Plachetka, Jan248450 36.20
182 Chandler, Murray G248451 21.07
183 Robatsch, Karl248360 52.54
184 Lutikov, Anatoly S248366 48.23
185 Grefe, John A248362 33.65
186 Cámpora, Daniel H248363 23.83
187 Sturua, Zurab248368 21.89
188 Hulak, Krunoslav248261 29.92
189 Rukavina, Josip248166 38.42
190 Georgiev, Krum248060 22.93
191 Ciocaltea, Victor248053 49.29
192 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo248065 37.52
193 Zuckerman, Bernard247974 38.08
194 Peters, John A247954 30.22
195 Spassov, Liuben247951 38.11
196 Mednis, Edmar J247958 44.11
197 Forintos, Gyözö V247861 45.75
198 Birnboim, Nathan247766 30.43
199 Regan, Kenneth247765 21.63
200 Djuric, Stefan247655 25.76
201 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y247675 24.28
202 Schneider, Lars Ake247655
203 Petrushin, Alexander I247660 34.14
204 Nikolic, Predrag247659 20.64
205 Ligterink, Gert247551 31.45
206 Ornstein, Axel247556 29.02
207 Makropoulos, Georgios247359 27.59
208 Langeweg, Kick247251 44.15
209 Rogulj, Branko247262 29.75
210 Wedberg, Tom247156 27.43
211 Sunye Neto, Jaime247052 23.99
212 Vranesic, Zvonko246974 42.57
213 Minic, Dragoljub246872 44.15
214 Platonov, Igor V246762 47.28
215 Hartston, William R246657 33.72
216 Meduna, Eduard246553 30.64
217 Hecht, Hans-Joachim246563 42.25
218 Jansa, Vlastimil246550 38.43
219 Bisguier, Arthur B246560 51.56
220 Portisch, Ferenc246555 42.06
221 Mestel, A Jonathan246552 24.13
222 Ambroz, Jan246456 26.87
223 Vokác, Marek246359 22.40
224 Bönsch, Uwe246352 22.54
225 Piasetski, Leon David246270
226 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis246258 30.93
227 Borik, Otto246158 33.60
228 Rajkovic, Dusan246056 38.87
229 Diesen, Mark C246063
230 Mariotti, Sergio245958 34.72
231 Gaprindashvili, Nona245867 39.98
232 Qi Jingxuan245866 33.47
233 Hernandez, Roman245761 31.44
234 Jelen, Iztok245768 34.28
235 Wittmann, Walter245761 33.13
236 Bradford, Joseph M245759 30.50
237 Klaric, Zlatko245760 24.52
238 Karlsson, Lars245752 25.80
239 Inkiov, Ventzislav245658 24.94
240 Szmetan, Jorge245659 30.92
241 Damjanovic, Mato245665 54.10
242 Ghitescu, Theodor245659 47.27
243 Gutman, Lev245666 35.59
244 Hazai, Laszlo245553 27.88
245 Kirov Ivanov, Nino245551 35.64
246 Szekely, Peter245563 26.23
247 Lengyel, Levente245557 47.88
248 Rodriguez, Amador245459 24.64
249 Podzielny, Karl Heinz245362 26.64
250 Hamann, Svend245368 40.56
251 Groszpeter, Attila245354 20.89
252 Taruffi, Daniele245265 22.65
253 Velikov, Petar245257 30.08
254 Ekstroem, Roland245173 24.93
255 Myagmarsuren, Lhamsuren245175 43.20
256 Kaufman, Larry C245075 33.46
257 Haik, Aldo244958 28.53
258 Soltis, Andrew E244965 33.92
259 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto244961 27.97
260 Taulbut, Shaun M244958 23.30
261 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel244854 31.76
262 Garcia, Raimundo244775 44.92
263 García Gonzáles, Guillermo244653 27.39
264 Hausner, Ivan244656 29.04
265 Bjelajac, Milan244668 33.13
266 Honfi, Karoly244574 50.51
267 Zaichik, Gennady L244567 24.22
268 Hug, Werner244559 28.64
269 Mochalov, Evgeny V244568 29.50
270 Sisniega, Marcel244465 21.76
271 Cramling, Dan244461 22.23
272 Ungureanu, Emil244375 44.50
273 Chiburdanidze, Maia G244356 20.29
274 Kestler, Hans-Günter244370 41.38
275 Feustel, Bernd244360 26.61
276 Duer, Arne244359 21.80
277 Planinc, Albin244263 37.03
278 Lederman, Leon244269 33.92
279 Schweber, Samuel244260 44.79
280 Vadasz, Laszlo244252 33.26
281 Kuligowski, Adam244251 25.35
282 Garcia, Gildardo244262 27.14
283 Henley, Ron W244159 24.40
284 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A244173 21.12
285 Joksic, Sinisa243970 40.55
286 Vooremaa, Andres243962 36.78
287 Zichichi, Alvise243961 42.82
288 Schussler, Harry243954 23.85
289 Raicevic, Vladimir243856 31.99
290 Lengyel, Laszlo243875 36.80
291 Westerinen, Heikki MJ243753 37.01
292 Hoelzl, Franz243756 35.07
293 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes243661 37.82
294 Spiridonov, Nikola243555 43.17
295 Plaskett, Jim243564 21.12
296 Pribyl, Josef243553 33.55
297 Bohm, Hans243451 31.29
298 Jakobsen, Ole243456 38.53
299 Luczak, Andrzej243352 32.40
300 Rath, Ulrik243369 34.35
301 Hennings, Artur243262 40.80
302 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243167 49.66
303 Ostermeyer, Peter243170 37.55
304 Sahovic, Dragutin243157 40.73
305 Strauss, David J243065 34.73
306 Pytel, Krzysztof243058 35.95
307 Toth, Bela242960 38.03
308 Sydor, Andrzej242969 44.32
309 Minev, Nikolay N242975 50.31
310 Pétursson, Margeir242854 21.21
311 Debarnot, Roberto242865 33.73
312 Liebert, Heinz242874 44.93
313 Sideif Sade, Fikret I242760 29.33
314 Fedorowicz, John P242755 22.59
315 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis242764 26.98
316 Ostojic, Predrag242671 43.19
317 Adamski, Jan242653 37.47
318 Bielczyk, Jacek242655 28.19
319 Antunac, Goran242666 36.04
320 Lakic, Nikola242561 33.79
321 Clemens, Christian242475 40.73
322 Rantanen, Yrjo A242458 31.02
323 Mestrovic, Zvonimir242465 36.54
324 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean242369
325 Doda, Zbigniew242366 50.19
326 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich242355 25.31
327 Svensson, Bengt242374 20.81
328 Wockenfuss, Klaus242171 29.67
329 Garcia Martinez, Silvino242157 36.82
330 Rodriguez, Ruben242168 34.40
331 Lobron, Eric242054 20.97
332 Arnason, Jon L242053 20.46
333 Martinovic, Slobodan242055 35.76
334 Jamieson, Robert Murray242067
335 Matera, Salvatore Joseph241870
336 Prandstetter, Eduard241852 32.37
337 Vilela, Jose Luis241854 28.11
338 Augustin, Josef241858 38.94
339 Despotovic, Momcilo241767 33.16
340 Krnic, Zdenko241766 33.58
341 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius241672
342 Trapl, Jindrich241667 39.10
343 Kristiansen, Jens241657 28.92
344 Trifunov, Dimitar241568 17.32
345 Hase, Juan Carlos241565
346 Hebert, Jean241456 23.47
347 Sznapik, Aleksander241451 30.22
348 Botterill, George Steven241462
349 Uusi, Gunnar241363
350 Tompa, Janos241262 33.99
351 Renman, Nils Gustaf241263
352 Lau, Ralf241269 21.53
353 Hansson, Dan241269 28.89
354 Franco Ocampos, Zenon241262 24.96
355 Pritchett, Craig William241165
356 Ioseliani, Nana241063 19.22
357 Law, Andrew P241063 30.81
358 Bohosjan, Sarkis241075 40.09
359 Harandi, Khosro241067 30.66
360 Van der Sterren, Paul241052 25.12
361 Brinck Claussen, Bjorn241057
362 Welin, Thomas241064 21.65
363 Ciric, Dragoljub M241067 45.47
364 deFirmian, Nicholas E240960 23.76
365 Bellin, Robert240954 28.83
366 Nun, Jiri240962 23.76
367 Watson, John L240960 29.65
368 Wirthensohn, Heinz240961 29.98
369 Kunsztowicz, Uwe240960 37.28
370 Rubinetti, Jorge A240859 36.08
371 Webb, Simon240867 31.89
372 Gerusel, Mathias240870 43.23
373 Goodman, David SC240770
374 Tisdall, Jonathan D240665 22.68
375 Rocha, Antonio240573 36.88
376 Velickovic, Sasa240562 30.08
377 Djukic, Zeljko240565 21.88
378 Bednarski, Jacek B240460 42.13
379 Filipovic, Branko240369 23.57
380 Morris, Walter D240264 22.66
381 Barle, Janez240263 29.11
382 Short, Nigel D240259 15.91
383 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy240253 32.19
384 Danailov, Silvio240167 20.03
385 Kogan, Boris240173
386 Moehring, Guenther240058 44.43
387 Vetemaa, Juri239875 24.68
388 Shirazi, Kamran G239863 28.44
389 Cvetkovic, Srdjan239759 35.17
390 Spraggett, Kevin B239770 26.47
391 Enklaar, Bertus F239762
392 Szymczak, Zbigniew239658 29.32
393 Bukal, Vladimir Sr239666 41.50
394 Kudrin, Sergey239668 21.65
395 Sloth, Jorn239562 36.65
396 Vinje Gulbrandsen, Arne239475
397 Radev, Nikolai239461 42.36
398 Flear, Glenn C239467 22.22
399 Tomaszewski, Roman239458 20.95
400 Dueckstein, Andreas239367 53.74
401 Emma, Jaime J239363 43.29
402 Zapata, Alonso239360 22.69
403 Fedder, Steen239363 29.88
404 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C239359 32.68
405 De Savornin Lohman, A.239269
406 Tischbierek, Raj239259 18.60
407 Iskov, Gert239155 32.76
408 Helmers, Knut J239065 24.23
409 Bouaziz, Slim239065 31.04
410 Odendahl, Steven M238968 21.51
411 Littlewood, Paul E238957 25.28
412 Danner, Georg238957 34.51
413 Filipowicz, Andrzej238964 42.96
414 Deze, Anton238867
415 McCambridge, Vincent238764 21.14
416 Cabrilo, Goran238658 22.83
417 Schoeneberg, Manfred238668 34.82
418 Hansen, Curt238561 16.62
419 Lombard, Andre238575 30.61
420 Bronstein, Luis238561 34.91
421 Balshan, Amikam238569
422 Swic, Waldemar238461 28.14
423 Skrobek, Ryszard238458 29.82
424 Franklin, Michael J238466 50.24
425 Przewoznik, Jan238457 23.62
426 Mascarinas, Rico238367 28.16
427 Mortensen, Erling238356 26.07
428 Horvath, Tamas238355 29.52
429 Banas, Jan238353 33.91
430 Kelecevic, Nedeljko238365 34.14
431 Pavlov, Mircea238260 43.63
432 Herzog, Adolf238258 27.90
433 Petran, Pal238257 34.62
434 Rumens, David E238067 41.60
435 Hoi, Carsten238058 24.29
436 Cuartas, Carlos238062 40.71
437 Bergstrom, Christer237971 22.59
438 Kagan, Shimon237958 39.07
439 Olafsson, Helgi237859 24.71
440 Borm, Franciscus WM237862
441 Janoševic, Dragoljub237866 57.81
442 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel237854 30.97
443 De Bruycker, Bernard237776 39.87
444 Yermolinsky, Alex V237773 23.05
445 Jacobsen, Bo237674 32.38
446 Wilder, Michael237664 18.62
447 Visier Segovia, Fernando237676 38.24
448 Donchev, Dimitar I237568 22.78
449 Bator, Zbigniew237571 29.41
450 Lukov, Valentin237559 25.39
451 Cording, Harm237473 44.31
452 Cuasnicu, Oscar237475 38.52
453 Gauglitz, Gernot237362 18.84
454 Garcia Palermo, Carlos237365 27.41
455 Gruchacz, Robert237372 27.42
456 Nicevski, Risto237258 35.84
457 Neckar, Lubomir237260 30.74
458 Arapovic, Vitomir237265 29.36
459 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237161 33.57
460 Whiteley, Andrew J237174 33.89
461 Kaiszauri, Konstanty237060 28.51
462 Barlov, Dragan237060 24.25
463 Sapi, Laszlo236962 46.11
464 Fries Nielsen, Jens Ove236955 21.19
465 Hartoch, Robert G236959
466 Adamski, Andrzej236964 42.30
467 Budde, Vladimir236864 28.35
468 Day, Lawrence A236858 32.25
469 Gonsior, Evzen236864 49.40
470 Andres Mendez, Miguel236770
471 Hess, Ralf236761 37.09
472 Watzka, Horst236674 42.63
473 Dobosz, Henryk236453 28.11
474 Ravikumar, Vaidyanathan236458 21.34
475 Fuller, Maxwell L236456 36.26
476 Frias, Victor J236364 25.22
477 Rigo, Janos236358 32.51
478 Kindermann, Stefan236267 21.34
479 Rossetto, Héctor D236274 58.64
480 Tiller, Bjorn236172 22.29
481 Hebden, Mark236164 23.21
482 Root, Douglas236066 18.22
483 Jamroz, Zbigniew236070 46.89
484 Basman, Michael J236067 35.12
485 Lieb, Harald235970 46.35
486 Niklasson, Christer235864 28.32
487 Goehring, Karl Heinz235871
488 Zarubin, O.235876
489 Balcerowski, Witold235775 45.72
490 Van der Vliet, Fredrik235759
491 Rajna, George235663 34.21
492 Drasko, Milan235569 18.40
493 Trois, Francisco RT235454
494 Brondum, Eric235362 39.37
495 Wagman, Stuart235270 61.95
496 Schinzel, Wladyslaw235253 37.93
497 Kristensen, Bjarke235258 25.06
498 Braga, Fernando235266 22.81
499 Sikora Lerch, Jan235060
500 Szilágyi, György234966 59.82

These ratings, calculated as of April 30, 1981, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between May 1, 1980 and April 30, 1981, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of April 30, 1980. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of April 30, 1981. This represents the player's estimated strength on May 1, 1981.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on May 1, 1981. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on May 1, 1981 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on May 1, 1981. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on April 30, 1981. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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