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Top 10 active players as of April 30, 1978


Top 500 active players as of April 30, 1978

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27854947.4% #326.93
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27655027.9% #547.10
3 Tal, Mikhail2706493.7% #1741.47
4 Spassky, Boris V2703503.9% #1841.25
5 Petrosian, Tigran V2695502.5% #2148.86
6 Larsen, Bent2691491.9% #2343.15
7 Polugaevsky, Lev A2691502.1% #2243.44
8 Portisch, Lajos2681501.3% #2741.07
9 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2673511.1% #3127.49
10 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2666500.7% #3533.60
11 Hort, Vlastimil2657480.3% #3934.30
12 Mecking, Henrique2655560.8% #4426.27
13 Romanishin, Oleg M2654490.3% #4226.30
14 Balashov, Yury S2652490.2% #4329.13
15 Vaganian, Rafael A2650500.3% #4426.54
16 Gulko, Boris F2645490.3% #4831.22
17 Vasiukov, Evgeny A2642570.5% #5345.15
18 Geller, Efim P2641500.2% #5153.16
19 Savon, Vladimir A2640510.2% #5237.59
20 Dorfman, Iosif D2638520.2% #5425.99
21 Hübner, Robert2638520.2% #5429.48
22 Kuzmin, Gennady P2637490.1% #5332.28
23 Smyslov, Vassily V2635500.1% #5557.10
24 Kholmov, Ratmir D2630550.2% #6152.96
25 Chekhov, Valery A2629620.4% #6722.43
26 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2626500.1% #6132.12
27 Beliavsky, Alexander G2624500.1% #6324.37
28 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y2624590.3% #6833.98
29 Timman, Jan H262348 #6326.38
30 Bagirov, Vladimir K2623520.1% #6641.71
31 Ribli, Zoltán2622510.1% #6626.65
32 Gufeld, Eduard E2621600.2% #7242.11
33 Miles, Anthony J262048 #6523.02
34 Browne, Walter S261551 #7129.30
35 Krogius, Nikolay V2615630.2% #7847.77
36 Gligoric, Svetozar261250 #7355.24
37 Kurajica, Bojan260952 #7830.46
38 Razuvaev, Yury S2606560.1% #8232.55
39 Parma, Bruno260454 #8236.33
40 Lerner, Konstantin Z2603560.1% #8528.17
41 Gipslis, Aivars260153 #8441.23
42 Marangunic, Srdjan2601740.5% #9734.50
43 Furman, Semen A2601610.1% #8957.41
44 Evans, Larry M2601700.3% #9546.11
45 Dvoretsky, Mark I2600630.1% #9230.39
46 Kochiev, Alexander259752 #8722.10
47 Bronstein, David I259652 #8854.20
48 Lein, Anatoly259359 #9647.09
49 Smejkal, Jan259349 #9032.11
50 Palatnik, Semen A2592600.1% #9628.09
51 Byrne, Robert E259151 #9250.03
52 Unzicker, Wolfgang259061 #9952.84
53 Sanguinetti, Raúl C258858 #10045.24
54 Liberzon, Vladimir M258853 #9641.10
55 Gheorghiu, Florin258752 #9734.07
56 Sax, Gyula258349 #9826.86
57 Kavalek, Lubomir258350 #9934.72
58 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E258351 #9928.22
59 Uhlmann, Wolfgang258149 #10043.09
60 Sosonko, Gennadi258149 #10034.94
61 Panno, Oscar R257950 #10343.12
62 Andersson, Ulf257949 #10226.84
63 Matanovic, Aleksandar257758 #11047.93
64 Lombardy, William J257755 #10840.40
65 Szabó, László257659 #11161.11
66 Zaitsev, Igor A257562 #11339.92
67 Olafsson, Fridrik257551 #10743.26
68 Darga, Klaus V2575700.1% #11944.18
69 Taimanov, Mark E257551 #10752.23
70 Kupreichik, Viktor D257358 #11328.82
71 Klovans, Janis257259 #11443.06
72 Averbakh, Yury L257263 #11756.23
73 Suetin, Alexey S257056 #11451.46
74 Alburt, Lev O257051 #11132.69
75 Pfleger, Helmut257061 #11834.73
76 Ivkov, Borislav256950 #11244.47
77 Ubilava, Elizbar E2567690.1% #12627.68
78 Sakharov, A.255868 #134
79 Georgadze, Tamaz V255856 #12730.47
80 Timoshchenko, Gennady255760 #12929.01
81 Torre, Eugenio255750 #12426.49
82 Nei, Iivo255667 #13446.50
83 Najdorf, Miguel255458 #13068.04
84 Karasev, Vladimir I255468 #13739.86
85 Ivanov, Igor V255368 #13731.31
86 Zakharov, Alexander V255360 #13334.56
87 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N255155 #13132.03
88 Velimirovic, Dragoljub255153 #13035.96
89 Malich, Burkhard G255058 #13441.42
90 Vokác, Marek254966 #14019.40
91 Rogoff, Kenneth S254957 #13525.11
92 Matulovic, Milan254952 #13242.88
93 Grigorian, Karen A254854 #13330.65
94 Knaak, Rainer F254851 #13225.12
95 Panchenko, Alexander N254759 #13824.57
96 Tringov, Georgy P254757 #13641.15
97 Nikolac, Juraj254656 #13746.02
98 Bukic, Enver254652 #13540.41
99 Stean, Michael F254552 #13524.65
100 Radulov, Ivan254354 #13939.31
101 Vitolinš, Alvis253964 31.87
102 Grefe, John A253960 30.65
103 Tarjan, James E253952 26.19
104 Knezevic, Milorad253752 41.50
105 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B253667 23.45
106 Peters, John A253656 27.22
107 Adorján, András253650 28.08
108 Filip, Miroslav253358 49.51
109 Pachmann, Ludek253258 53.96
110 Platonov, Igor V252963 44.28
111 Hulak, Krunoslav252853 26.92
112 Csom, István252850 37.90
113 Zhuravliov, Valerij252667 39.39
114 Ree, Hans252649 33.62
115 Petrushin, Alexander I252568 31.14
116 Benko, Pal C252356 49.79
117 Schneider, Lars Ake252256
118 Hecht, Hans-Joachim252264 39.25
119 Quinteros, Miguel A252149 30.34
120 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz252153 35.05
121 Antoshin, Vladimir S252173 48.95
122 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur251950 30.60
123 Lutikov, Anatoly S251955 45.23
124 Faragó, Iván251750 32.08
125 Vogt, Lothar H251750 26.29
126 Makarichev, Sergey Y251768 24.45
127 Kovacevic, Vladimir251559 36.09
128 Peresipkin, Vladimir251463
129 Luczak, Andrzej251466 29.40
130 Vukcevich, Milan R251364
131 Vukic, Milan251353 34.70
132 Jansa, Vlastimil251351 35.43
133 Kasparov, Garry K251369 15.05
134 Hermann, Manfred251268 35.66
135 Stoica, Valentin251160 28.21
136 Keene, Raymond251153
137 Doroshkievich, Vladimir K251071 40.34
138 García Gonzáles, Guillermo251054 24.39
139 Díez del Corral, Jesús251068 45.07
140 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I251066 44.46
141 Petrosian, Arshak B250958 24.37
142 Donner, Johannes H250953 50.82
143 Maric, Rudolf250875 50.96
144 Pribyl, Josef250853 30.55
145 Reshevsky, Samuel H250754 66.43
146 Shamkovich, Leonid A250754 54.91
147 Commons, Kim S250666 26.77
148 Ciocaltea, Victor250656 46.29
149 Weinstein, Norman250460 27.57
150 Murey, Yakov250368 36.74
151 Rajkovic, Dusan250354 35.86
152 Bilek, István250060 45.72
153 Lengyel, Levente249654 44.87
154 Dueball, Juergen249674 33.09
155 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo249562 34.52
156 Schweber, Samuel249564 41.79
157 Soltis, Andrew E249261 30.92
158 Kirov Ivanov, Nino249252 32.64
159 Biyiasas, Peter249156 27.45
160 Regan, Kenneth249072 18.63
161 Bleiman, Yaacov248966 30.64
162 Rodriguez, Ruben248976 31.40
163 Rodriguez, Amador248859 21.64
164 Suba, Mihai248854 30.91
165 Tatai, Stefano248851 40.10
166 Radev, Nikolai248667 39.36
167 Christiansen, Larry M248658 21.84
168 Prandstetter, Eduard248655 29.37
169 Gaprindashvili, Nona248457 36.98
170 Kaplan, Julio P248457 27.76
171 Zuckerman, Bernard248461 35.08
172 Mariotti, Sergio248453 31.72
173 Barczay, Laszlo248351 42.19
174 Nemet, Ivan248368 35.04
175 Espig, Lutz248351 29.32
176 Ghizdavu, Dumitru248263 28.94
177 Simic, Radoslav248274 29.88
178 Mohrlok, Dieter248273
179 Piasetski, Leon David248164
180 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean248060
181 Karaklajic, Nikola247971 52.18
182 Podgaets, Mikhail Y247875 30.77
183 Pereszupkin, Alexander247872
184 Hartston, William R247756 30.72
185 Sanguinetti, Renato247762 62.02
186 Portisch, Ferenc247755 39.06
187 Nunn, John D M247556 23.01
188 Vadasz, Laszlo247552 30.26
189 Marovic, Dražen247560 40.29
190 Lederman, Leon247361 30.92
191 Kristiansen, Jens247263 25.92
192 Gerusel, Mathias247161 40.23
193 Sofrevski, Jovan247163 42.70
194 Karner, Hillar247161 42.76
195 Planinc, Albin247052 34.03
196 Padevsky, Nikola B247058 44.91
197 Ciric, Dragoljub M246971 42.47
198 Ungureanu, Emil246962 41.50
199 Rath, Ulrik246867 31.35
200 Johannsson, Ingi Randver246873
201 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A246765 39.40
202 Szekely, Peter246758 23.23
203 Antunac, Goran246773 33.04
204 Kraidman, Yair246559 45.50
205 Jakobsen, Ole246567 35.53
206 Marjanovic, Slavoljub246455 23.32
207 Spassov, Liuben246455 35.11
208 Garcia Martinez, Silvino246460 33.82
209 Hug, Werner246255 25.64
210 Hernandez, Roman246253 28.44
211 Barle, Janez246055 26.11
212 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y246068 21.28
213 Forintos, Gyözö V246057 42.75
214 Pintér, József245954 24.47
215 Martz, William E245771
216 Bisguier, Arthur B245758 48.56
217 Ivanovic, Božidar245756 31.68
218 Ghitescu, Theodor245654 44.27
219 Hazai, Laszlo245654 24.87
220 Jansson, Borje245573 36.13
221 Martinovic, Slobodan245464 32.76
222 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis245458 27.93
223 Poutiainen, Pertti245463
224 Ftácnik, Lubomír245351 20.50
225 Robatsch, Karl245358 49.54
226 Dely, Peter245361 43.82
227 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel245263 28.76
228 Kozlov, V.245273
229 Diesen, Mark C245253
230 Mestel, A Jonathan245255 21.13
231 Řgaard, Leif245157 26.32
232 Damjanovic, Mato245157 51.10
233 Honfi, Karoly245157 47.51
234 Ermenkov, Evgenij245055 28.59
235 Dueckstein, Andreas245075 50.74
236 Bohosjan, Sarkis244873 37.09
237 Sahovic, Dragutin244556 37.73
238 Rukavina, Josip244556 35.42
239 Mednis, Edmar J244460 41.11
240 Westerinen, Heikki MJ244452 34.01
241 Sunye Neto, Jaime244465 20.99
242 Cvetkovic, Srdjan244362 32.17
243 Janoševic, Dragoljub244162 54.81
244 Minev, Nikolay N244164 47.31
245 Minic, Dragoljub244165 41.15
246 McKay, Roderick M244074 26.22
247 Inkiov, Ventzislav244064 21.94
248 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto244053 24.97
249 Langeweg, Kick243954 41.15
250 Toth, Bela243963 35.03
251 Popov, Luben243957 42.26
252 Hamann, Svend243868 37.56
253 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243857 46.66
254 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius243862
255 Lukacs, Peter243752 27.81
256 Haag, Ervin243768 45.30
257 Meduna, Eduard243657 27.64
258 Cuéllar Gacharná, Miguel243668 61.45
259 Ignatiev, Felix N243572 46.31
260 Brasket, Curt Justin243567
261 Sydor, Andrzej243563 41.32
262 Witkowski, Stefan243362 46.59
263 Krnic, Zdenko243372 30.58
264 Grinberg, Ricardo243364 30.29
265 Ornstein, Axel243353 26.02
266 Lakic, Nikola243173 30.79
267 Eising, Johannes243169 42.91
268 Szmetan, Jorge243154 27.92
269 Matera, Salvatore Joseph243058
270 Zaichik, Gennady L243065 21.22
271 Cobo Arteaga, Eldis242973
272 Seirawan, Yasser242964 18.10
273 Sznapik, Aleksander242954 27.22
274 Guimard, Carlos E242972 65.07
275 Ligterink, Gert242952 28.45
276 Mestrovic, Zvonimir242963 33.54
277 Williams, Arthur Howard242967
278 Messing, Hrvoje242974 37.76
279 Adamski, Jan242850 34.47
280 Gutman, Lev242766 32.59
281 Barcza, Gedeon242764 66.69
282 Rohde, Michael A242660 18.68
283 Brond, Victor242675
284 Rubinetti, Jorge A242660 33.08
285 Goodman, David SC242563
286 Flesch, Janos242458 44.58
287 Bohm, Hans242452 28.29
288 Yanofsky, Daniel A242375 53.09
289 Garcia, Raimundo242363 41.92
290 Biriescu, Ioan242266 24.51
291 Augustin, Josef242252 35.94
292 Bronstein, Luis242256 31.90
293 Hase, Juan Carlos242261
294 Raicevic, Vladimir242156 28.99
295 Kagan, Shimon241953 36.07
296 Kotov, Alexander A241873 64.72
297 Rogulj, Branko241876 26.75
298 Botterill, George Steven241856
299 Emma, Jaime J241860 40.29
300 Pytel, Krzysztof241760 32.95
301 Plachetka, Jan241751 33.20
302 Bednarski, Jacek B241656 39.13
303 Bellin, Robert241558 25.83
304 Doda, Zbigniew241458 47.19
305 Partos, Charles241361 41.72
306 Ostojic, Predrag241355 40.19
307 Pritchett, Craig William241262
308 Jelen, Iztok241264 31.28
309 Rossetto, Héctor D241262 55.64
310 Velikov, Petar241263 27.08
311 Podzielny, Karl Heinz241170 23.64
312 Akvist, Hakan241168 36.51
313 Webb, Simon241153 28.88
314 Peev, Peicho Chonev241058 38.08
315 Kestler, Hans-Günter241058 38.38
316 Eslon, Jaan240966 26.15
317 Bertok, Mario240875 48.66
318 Lechtynsky, Jiri240856 30.43
319 Kovacs, Laszlo M240757 39.57
320 Soos, Bela240767 48.15
321 Liebert, Heinz240755 41.93
322 Eolian, Levon S240673 18.62
323 Trapl, Jindrich240664 36.10
324 Enklaar, Bertus F240464
325 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy240454 29.19
326 Penrose, Jonathan240471 44.56
327 Ostermeyer, Peter240469 34.55
328 Wockenfuss, Klaus240469 26.67
329 Wirthensohn, Heinz240355 26.98
330 Debarnot, Roberto240258 30.73
331 Ilievski, Dimitar240275 36.68
332 Sikora Lerch, Jan240254
333 Bukal, Vladimir Sr240274 38.50
334 Nicevski, Risto240059 32.83
335 Franklin, Michael J240066 47.24
336 Spiridonov, Nikola239955 40.17
337 Hartoch, Robert G239956
338 Deze, Anton239762
339 Rocha, Antonio239763 33.87
340 Watson, John L239573 26.65
341 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes239558 34.82
342 Bönsch, Uwe239357 19.54
343 Jamieson, Robert Murray239372
344 Moehring, Guenther239354 41.43
345 Zwaig, Arne239361
346 Cuartas, Carlos239259 37.71
347 Cuasnicu, Oscar239266 35.52
348 Pohla, Harry239170 37.82
349 Dake, Arthur William239176 68.06
350 Filipowicz, Andrzej239157 39.96
351 Rajna, George239059 31.21
352 Banas, Jan239054 30.90
353 Vaisman, Volodia238960 40.35
354 Taulbut, Shaun M238864 20.30
355 Silva, Fernando238765 27.74
356 Speelman, Jonathan S238757 21.58
357 Pétursson, Margeir238657 18.21
358 Basman, Michael J238661 32.12
359 Alexandria, Nana238574 28.55
360 Garcia, Luis E238467
361 Garcia Padron, Jose238256 20.10
362 Harandi, Khosro238265 27.66
363 Formanek, Edward W238158 35.98
364 Neckar, Lubomir238161 27.74
365 Garcia, Gildardo238064 24.14
366 Veinger, Itzhak237968 39.82
367 Visier Segovia, Fernando237957 35.24
368 Huss, Andreas237861 27.54
369 Rigo, Janos237760 29.51
370 Kozma, Julius237766 48.91
371 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237660 30.57
372 Wade, Robert Graham237573
373 Skrobek, Ryszard237564 26.82
374 Tompa, Janos237555 30.99
375 Gasic, Bozidar237473 40.55
376 Navarovszky, Laszlo237371 45.07
377 Mascarinas, Rico237359 25.16
378 Fedorowicz, John P237255 19.59
379 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C237258 29.68
380 Horvath, Tamas237260 26.52
381 Lombard, Andre237156 27.61
382 Szymczak, Zbigniew236962 26.32
383 Iskov, Gert236962 29.76
384 Law, Andrew P236962 27.81
385 Ervin, Roy C236872 27.32
386 Kinnmark, Ove236874 33.35
387 Kostro, Jerzy236762 41.26
388 Van der Sterren, Paul236753 22.12
389 Schussler, Harry236767 20.84
390 Macles, Jacques236773 32.81
391 Schinzel, Wladyslaw236756 34.93
392 Bjelajac, Milan236674 30.13
393 Hindle, Owen M236672 38.13
394 Georgiev, Krum236574 19.93
395 Hesse, Peter236559 33.59
396 Olafsson, Helgi236457 21.71
397 Zinn, Lothar236371 40.11
398 Hausner, Ivan236365 26.04
399 Szilágyi, György236359 56.82
400 Tisdall, Jonathan D236262 19.68
401 Levy, David Neil Lawrence236275
402 Mihaljcisin, Mihajlo236273 45.19
403 Whiteley, Andrew J236161 30.88
404 Heuer, Valter236170 49.79
405 Todorcevic, Miodrag236175 37.47
406 Sibarevic, Milenko236073 33.13
407 Mortensen, Erling236063 23.07
408 Maciejewski, Andrzej236066 26.81
409 Helmers, Knut J235959 21.23
410 Cámpora, Daniel H235961 20.83
411 Vilela, Jose Luis235972 25.11
412 Corden, Martyn J235774
413 Taylor, Timothy235769 25.22
414 Trabattoni, Franco235774 21.96
415 Tan Lian Ann235767
416 Orso, Miklos235664 21.89
417 Sapi, Laszlo235358 43.11
418 Knox, Victor W235267 33.27
419 Borkowski, Franciszek235267 20.75
420 Kopec, Danny235271 24.17
421 Silva Sanchez, Carlos235170 33.86
422 Haik, Aldo235063 25.53
423 Meyer, E.234969
424 Van der Vliet, Fredrik234960
425 Borngaesser, Rene234968 26.61
426 Brueggemann, Joachim234969 26.57
427 Anelli, Antonio234867 33.96
428 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel234653 27.97
429 Lanc, Alois234576 30.20
430 Fichtl, Jirí234566 57.21
431 Van Baarle, C John234569 33.03
432 Rantanen, Yrjo A234465 28.02
433 Estevez Morales, Guillermo234460
434 Fuller, Maxwell L234466 33.26
435 Klaric, Zlatko234376 21.52
436 Niklasson, Christer234362 25.32
437 Kirpichnikov, Vladimir S234265
438 Grabczewski, Romuald234075 46.23
439 Littlewood, Paul E233764 22.28
440 Kluger, Guyla233770 64.29
441 Ambroz, Jan233666 23.86
442 Trois, Francisco RT233659
443 Lekander, Rolf233576 31.33
444 Lehmann, Heinz Dr233563
445 Minaya, Juan M233468
446 Boersma, Paulus A233471 29.79
447 Garcia Palermo, Carlos233263 24.41
448 Lanka, Zigurds233266 17.94
449 Fedder, Steen233268 26.87
450 Kristiansen, Erling233175 41.37
451 Baumbach, Friedrich232970 42.64
452 Gross, Stefan232865 28.67
453 Lau, Ralf232776 18.53
454 Arnason, Jon L232766 17.46
455 Wedberg, Tom232671 24.43
456 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich232469 22.31
457 Clemens, Christian232474 37.73
458 Petran, Pal232357 31.62
459 Camara, Helder232264 41.23
460 Ujtelky, Maximilián232174 63.03
461 Kaiszauri, Konstanty232168 25.51
462 Birnboim, Nathan232166 27.43
463 Chiburdanidze, Maia G232163 17.29
464 Rostalski, Walter232076 25.31
465 Kuligowski, Adam232070 22.35
466 Bielczyk, Jacek232060 25.19
467 Rayner, Emmanuel231972 19.88
468 Rosenlund, Thorbjorn231965 26.86
469 Mueller, Klaus Uwe231866
470 Swic, Waldemar231865 25.14
471 Henley, Ron W231866 21.40
472 Tichy, Vladimir231865 31.58
473 Povah, Nigel E231764 25.79
474 Franco Ocampos, Zenon231773 21.96
475 Boudy, Julio231765 26.88
476 Starck, Bodo231668 43.55
477 Govedarica, Radovan231561 30.21
478 Nogueiras, Jesus231563 18.79
479 Martin Gonzalez, Angel231456 25.32
480 Lebredo, Gerardo231456 27.74
481 Rumens, David E231363 38.60
482 Cardoso, Radolfo Tan231368
483 Baljon, Christofoor231263 24.84
484 Franzen, Jozef231269 32.23
485 Perenyi, Bela230963
486 Casas, Fernando230867 51.69
487 Flear, Glenn C230773 19.22
488 Bueno Perez, Lazaro230463
489 Thomas, Richard230375
490 Day, Lawrence A230375 29.25
491 Kollberg, Lothar230276
492 Menvielle Lacourrelle, Augusto230074 39.72
493 Fraguela Gil, Jose Miguel229962
494 Sanz Alonso, Francisco Javier229970
495 Wagman, Stuart229968 58.95
496 Dietze, Wolfgang229869 27.86
497 Cibulka, Vladimir229873 36.50
498 Short, Nigel D229767 12.91
499 Verduga, Denis Homero229767
500 Seidler, Aldo229761

These ratings, calculated as of April 30, 1978, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between May 1, 1977 and April 30, 1978, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of April 30, 1977. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of April 30, 1978. This represents the player's estimated strength on May 1, 1978.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on May 1, 1978. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on May 1, 1978 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on May 1, 1978. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on April 30, 1978. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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