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Top 10 active players as of May 3, 1999


Top 500 active players as of May 3, 1999

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28794873.7% #236.06
2 Kramnik, Vladimir28094611.1% #523.86
3 Anand, Viswanathan28074710.2% #529.40
4 Shirov, Alexei2763471.9% #1126.83
5 Ivanchuk, Vassily2739470.6% #1730.13
6 Gelfand, Boris2732480.5% #2030.86
7 Morozevich, Alexander2721490.2% #2421.79
8 Karpov, Anatoly E2720470.3% #2447.95
9 Topalov, Veselin2720470.2% #2424.13
10 Adams, Michael2716470.1% #2627.46
11 Short, Nigel D2716490.3% #2633.92
12 Leko, Peter2714490.2% #2719.65
13 Bareev, Evgeny2710490.2% #2932.45
14 Svidler, Peter2703470.1% #3222.88
15 Polgar, Judit2700490.1% #3522.78
16 Rublevsky, Sergei2699500.1% #3524.55
17 Zvjaginsev, Vadim267749 #5122.71
18 Georgiev, Kiril267650 #5133.43
19 Sokolov, Ivan267547 #5230.89
20 Timman, Jan H267547 #5247.39
21 Dreev, Alexey267248 #5530.29
22 Almasi, Zoltan267148 #5622.68
23 Gurevich, Mikhail N266948 #5740.20
24 Khalifman, Alexander266647 #5933.29
25 Krasenkow, Michal266648 #5935.47
26 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A266452 #6439.13
27 Seirawan, Yasser266351 #6539.11
28 Beliavsky, Alexander G266147 #6545.38
29 Onischuk, Alexander265749 #7023.67
30 Sakaev, Konstantin265450 #7325.06
31 Chernin, Alexander M264849 #7939.16
32 Nikolic, Predrag264848 #7938.65
33 Korchnoi, Viktor L264747 #7968.11
34 Salov, Valery B264552 #8534.94
35 Akopian, Vladimir264350 #8527.41
36 Lautier, Joel264347 #8326.06
37 Movsesian, Sergei263748 #9120.50
38 Smirin, Ilia263649 #9331.29
39 Kharlov, Andrei263649 #9330.45
40 van Wely, Loek263546 #9226.57
41 Sadler, Matthew263448 #9424.97
42 Tiviakov, Sergei263348 #9426.22
43 Jussupow, Artur M263248 #9739.22
44 Fedorov, Alexei263050 #10126.60
45 Hellers, Ferdinand262960 #11030.27
46 Dolmatov, Sergey V262851 #10440.20
47 Vaganian, Rafael A262850 #10347.55
48 Tkachiev, Vladislav262350 #10925.48
49 Graf, Alexander262253 #11336.69
50 Piket, Jeroen262246 #10730.27
51 Sturua, Zurab262151 #11239.90
52 Christiansen, Larry M262150 #11242.85
53 Gulko, Boris F262050 #11352.23
54 Dautov, Rustem261949 #11333.43
55 Lputian, Smbat G261750 #11641.22
56 Milov, Vadim261650 #11826.76
57 Hracek, Zbynek261649 #11628.65
58 Khenkin, Igor261548 #11831.12
59 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir261551 #12048.50
60 Ehlvest, Jaan261347 #11936.55
61 Hjartarson, Jóhann260752 #13136.24
62 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel260749 #12733.42
63 Sutovsky, Emil260749 #12821.62
64 Epishin, Vladimir260548 #12833.81
65 Novikov, Igor A260549 #13036.95
66 Minasian, Artashes260551 #13232.29
67 Hansen, Curt260449 #13134.63
68 Shipov, Sergei260451 #13333.05
69 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E260352 #13632.19
70 Eingorn, Viacheslav S260151 #13642.44
71 Aleksandrov, Aleksej260150 #13625.98
72 Speelman, Jonathan S260048 #13642.59
73 Lutz, Christopher259949 #13728.19
74 Alterman, Boris259949 #13728.99
75 Rozentalis, Eduardas259848 #13735.94
76 Nunn, John D M259853 #14244.02
77 Avrukh, Boris259851 #13921.32
78 Hübner, Robert259649 #14050.49
79 Giorgadze, Giorgi259648 #14034.56
80 Goldin, Alexander259652 #14234.19
81 Andersson, Ulf259549 #14047.85
82 Adianto, Utut259550 #14234.13
83 Miles, Anthony J259547 #13944.03
84 Kasimdzhanov, Rustam259450 #14319.41
85 Ibragimov, Ildar259448 #14231.72
86 Bologan, Viktor259348 #14227.39
87 Korneev, Oleg259248 #14429.77
88 Beim, Valery259251 #14649.13
89 Baburin, Alexander259152 #14832.21
90 Morovic Fernández, Iván E259151 #14736.11
91 Kaidanov, Gregory S259153 #14939.56
92 Gavrikov, Victor N259054 #15041.76
93 deFirmian, Nicholas E259049 #14641.77
94 Ribli, Zoltán259051 #14947.66
95 Timoshenko, Georgy258951 #14932.92
96 Kavalek, Lubomir258973 #16355.73
97 Benjamin, Joel L258850 #14935.15
98 Hodgson, Julian M258849 #14935.77
99 Huzman, Alexander258753 #15337.06
100 Agdestein, Simen258753 #15331.97
101 Filippov, Valerij258749 23.43
102 Ponomariov, Ruslan258751 15.56
103 Ftácnik, Lubomír258748 41.51
104 Voitsekhovsky, Stanislav258651 34.74
105 Yermolinsky, Alex V258648 41.06
106 Volkov, Sergey258649 25.24
107 Hansen, Lars Bo258654 30.61
108 Atalik, Suat258548 34.56
109 Stefansson, Hannes258549 26.79
110 Gabriel, Christian258349 24.17
111 Tregubov, Pavel V258350 27.37
112 Magerramov, Elmar S258367 41.06
113 Ye Jiangchuan258153 38.45
114 Romanishin, Oleg M258048 47.31
115 Rogers, Ian258048 38.86
116 Fominyh, Alexander258051 39.88
117 Peng Xiaomin257954 26.07
118 Kharitonov, Andrey Y257850 40.08
119 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B257852 44.46
120 Balashov, Yury S257849 50.14
121 Wolff, Patrick G257861 31.22
122 Yakovich, Yuri257848 36.43
123 Komarov, Dimitri257550 30.42
124 Kožul, Zdenko257548 32.95
125 Asrian, Karen257552 19.03
126 Palac, Mladen257548 28.21
127 Razuvaev, Yury S257552 53.56
128 Lalic, Bogdan257547 35.15
129 Malaniuk, Vladimir P257548 41.79
130 Guseinov, Aidyn257561 47.34
131 Shariyazdanov, Andrey257451 22.81
132 Savchenko, Stanislav257350 32.29
133 Ulibin, Mikhail257349 27.92
134 Psakhis, Lev B257349 40.43
135 Milos, Gilberto257352 35.51
136 Torre, Eugenio257355 47.50
137 Bacrot, Etienne257249 16.28
138 Vaisser, Anatoli257251 50.16
139 Dorfman, Iosif D257152 47.01
140 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E256950 49.23
141 Wahls, Matthias256951 31.27
142 Kobalija, Mihail256950 20.99
143 Sax, Gyula256949 47.88
144 Chiburdanidze, Maia G256851 38.30
145 Kotronias, Vasilios256752 34.69
146 Lastin, Alexander256752 22.51
147 Yudasin, Leonid G256750 39.74
148 Stohl, Igor256749 34.60
149 Tukmakov, Vladimir B256650 53.13
150 Dvoiris, Semen I256649 40.50
151 Pétursson, Margeir256655 39.22
152 Pigusov, Evgeny256552 38.09
153 Kotsur, Pavel256554 25.33
154 Burmakin, Vladimir256448 31.91
155 Smagin, Sergey256456 40.65
156 Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander256448 36.30
157 Ionov, Sergey256452 37.32
158 Emms, John M256450 32.14
159 Fedorowicz, John P256353 40.60
160 Kosashvili, Yona256360 28.83
161 Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav256355 33.13
162 Zhang Zhong256351 20.66
163 Xu Jun256358 36.63
164 Gurevich, Dmitry256251 42.65
165 Shneider, Aleksandr256256 36.95
166 Malakhov, Vladimir256254 18.44
167 Baklan, Vladimir256251 21.19
168 Leitao, Rafael256251 19.35
169 Gurevich, Ilya256265 27.24
170 Lerner, Konstantin Z256251 49.18
171 Podgaets, Mikhail Y256164 51.78
172 Hertneck, Gerald256051 35.63
173 Varga, Z.256069 28.81
174 Sorokin, Maxim256050 31.28
175 Damljanovic, Branko255950 37.88
176 Poluljahov, Aleksandr255950 33.91
177 Hickl, Joerg255849 34.05
178 Lobron, Eric255850 38.98
179 Antonio, Rogelio Jr255754 37.21
180 Rustemov, Alexander255751 25.83
181 Anastasian, Ashot255754 34.80
182 Nielsen, Peter Heine255648 25.94
183 Kengis, Edvins255650 40.06
184 Spasov, Vasil255655 28.21
185 Nisipeanu, Liviu Dieter255549 22.76
186 Golod, Vitali255451 27.85
187 Shabalov, Alexander255451 31.64
188 Solozhenkin, Evgeniy255451 32.76
189 Pintér, József255350 45.48
190 Golubev, Mihail255356 28.93
191 Bochkarev, Alexander255269 24.00
192 Glek, Igor V254948 37.49
193 Sokolov, Andrey Y254952 36.12
194 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y254955 54.99
195 Kruppa, Yuri254853 34.87
196 Zakharevich, Igor254852 35.80
197 Shabanov, Yury F254759 61.48
198 Adorján, András254756 49.09
199 Yemelin, Vasily254651 23.26
200 Volzhin, Alexander254651 28.25
201 Iuldachev, Saidali254555 31.26
202 Landa, Konstantin254550 26.95
203 Shulman, Yuri254449 24.01
204 Aseev, Konstantin N254451 38.54
205 Spassky, Boris V254352 62.26
206 Kiriakov, Petr254351 24.31
207 Spraggett, Kevin B254152 44.48
208 Makarov, Marat254052 35.98
209 Gleizerov, Evgeny254051 36.12
210 Sherbakov, Ruslan253950 29.64
211 Shchekachev, Andrei253951 26.52
212 Zelcic, Robert253848 33.62
213 van der Wiel, John T H253849 39.73
214 Watson, William N253761 37.04
215 Orlov, Georgi253674
216 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V253654 54.61
217 Ilincic, Zlatko253653 30.98
218 Dao Thien Hai253651 20.98
219 Ivanov, Alexander V253556 43.01
220 Wu Shaobin253566 30.25
221 Tischbierek, Raj253452 36.61
222 Galliamova, Alisa253451 27.29
223 Cvitan, Ognjen253448 37.56
224 Delchev, Aleksander253351 27.80
225 Pavlovic, Milos253354 35.33
226 Kuzmin, Gennady P253351 53.29
227 Agrest, Evgenij253349 32.72
228 Sermek, Drazen253349 30.26
229 Hort, Vlastimil253353 55.31
230 Nogueiras, Jesus253250 39.80
231 Hamdouchi, Hichem253251 26.57
232 Chernyshov, Konstantin253154 31.90
233 Wang Zili253159 30.89
234 Spangenberg, Hugo253150 23.45
235 Nikolenko, Oleg253160 39.87
236 Sulskis, Sarunas253151 26.44
237 Kishnev, Sergey253058 42.51
238 Bezgodov, Alexei253056 29.84
239 Soffer, Ram253055 33.66
240 Barua, Dibyendu252952 32.52
241 Istratescu, Andrei252950 23.42
242 Neverov, Valery252952 34.87
243 Popov, Valerij252851 24.65
244 Zarubin, Pavel252864 31.22
245 Temirbaev, Serik252856
246 Moroz, Alexander252756 38.29
247 Timoshchenko, Gennady252751 50.02
248 Nijboer, Friso252749 33.94
249 Mikhalevski, Victor252749 26.81
250 Kindermann, Stefan252649 39.35
251 Loginov, Valery A252649 43.39
252 Cramling, Pia252649 36.03
253 Enders, Peter252652 36.25
254 Babula, Vlastimil252649 25.59
255 Serper, Grigory252556 29.64
256 Dizdar, Goran252550 40.41
257 Rechlis, Gad252559 32.24
258 Vera, Reynaldo252551 38.32
259 Jakubiec, Artur252559 25.42
260 Kurajica, Bojan252450 51.47
261 Malisauskas, Vidmantas252456 35.75
262 Feygin, Michail252464 24.26
263 Podzielny, Karl Heinz252460 44.65
264 Arnason, Jon L252468 38.47
265 Bönsch, Uwe252452 40.55
266 Ginsburg, Gennadij252462 27.73
267 Darga, Klaus V252368 65.19
268 Barsov, Alexei252351
269 Sunye Neto, Jaime252353 42.00
270 Van der Sterren, Paul252349 43.13
271 Brodsky, Michail252250 30.10
272 Yandemirov, Valeri252250 36.23
273 Yurtaev, Leonid252154 40.01
274 Smikovski, Ivan252067 26.89
275 Ivanov, Sergey252051 37.60
276 Magem Badals, Jordi252049 31.69
277 Hector, Jonny252048 35.22
278 Portisch, Lajos252051 62.08
279 Irzhanov, Ruslan252055 22.44
280 Mueller, Karsten252052 28.45
281 Rytshagov, Mikhail251951 31.48
282 Manor, Ilan251957 29.52
283 Frias, Victor J251970 43.23
284 Cámpora, Daniel H251953 41.84
285 Miladinovic, Igor251851 25.27
286 Slobodjan, Roman251749 24.34
287 Schandorff, Lars251750 34.04
288 Haba, Petr251750 34.33
289 Hernandez, Gilberto251751
290 Gallagher, Joseph G251749 34.99
291 Zifroni, Dov251753 23.21
292 Schlosser, Philipp251650 30.71
293 Kumaran, Dharshan251660 23.91
294 Zontakh, Andrey251653 28.50
295 Greenfeld, Alon251651 35.05
296 Didishko, Vereslav251653 50.06
297 Xie Jun251549 28.51
298 Rogozenko, Dorian251549 25.71
299 Ubilava, Elizbar E251556 48.69
300 Danielian, Oganes251465
301 Kacheishvili, Giorgi251453 22.23
302 Sagalchik, Gennadij251467 30.03
303 Hansen, Sune Berg251451 28.04
304 Krakops, Maris251356 21.08
305 Galkin, Alexander251350 20.26
306 Chuchelov, Vladimir251351 29.60
307 Lanka, Zigurds251351 38.95
308 Djuric, Stefan251353 43.77
309 Comas Fabrego, Luis251351 27.87
310 Totsky, Leonid251354 31.73
311 Kudrin, Sergey251253 39.66
312 Kantsler, Boris251253 37.05
313 Polovodin, Igor A251160 44.11
314 Luther, Thomas251148 29.50
315 Markowski, Tomasz251149 23.76
316 Vaulin, Alexander251149 42.13
317 Krogius, Nikolay V251169 68.78
318 Bischoff, Klaus251048 37.90
319 Rodriguez, Amador251054 42.65
320 Ruzele, Darius251054 31.02
321 Kveinys, Aloyzas251052 36.82
322 Velimirovic, Dragoljub250953 56.98
323 Suba, Mihai250958 51.92
324 Sokolovs, Andrei250958 27.20
325 Zoler, Dan250953 25.29
326 Dizdarevic, Emir250951 41.09
327 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V250956 51.71
328 Akesson, Ralf250849 38.24
329 Finkel, Alexander250853 24.34
330 Davies, Nigel R250853 38.76
331 Kolev, Atanas250858 31.80
332 King, Daniel J250755 35.68
333 Kiselev, Sergey250754 37.64
334 Marciano, David250650 29.83
335 Vogt, Lothar H250654 47.30
336 Turov, Maxim250654 19.41
337 Markovic, Miroslav250653 25.98
338 Gausel, Einar250550 35.43
339 Krivonosov, Oleg250562 37.98
340 Zilberman, Yaacov250553 44.94
341 Kosic, Dragan250556 29.22
342 Mikhaletz, Lubomir250554 24.72
343 Horvath, Jozsef250450 34.72
344 Hulak, Krunoslav250453 47.94
345 Zubarev, Alexander250460 47.86
346 Sosonko, Gennadi250455 55.96
347 Horváth, Csaba250348 30.91
348 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N250351 53.04
349 Conquest, Stuart250349 32.17
350 Lesiege, Alexandre250253 23.71
351 Larsen, Bent250253 64.16
352 Palatnik, Semen A250263 49.10
353 Najer, Evgeniy250253 21.87
354 Ivanovic, Božidar250159 52.69
355 Nadyrhanov, Sergey250060 35.60
356 Bezold, Michael250050 26.95
357 Kempinski, Robert250049 21.81
358 Maksimenko, Andrei250052 29.41
359 Kalinitschew, Sergey249953 43.25
360 Garcia Ilundain, David249951 28.09
361 Apicella, Manuel249854 29.04
362 Liiva, Riho249864 23.83
363 Gyimesi, Zoltan249850 22.09
364 Zaichik, Gennady L249865 42.23
365 Georgiev, Vladimir249851 23.69
366 Shtyrenkov, Veniamen249856 41.03
367 Strikovic, Aleksa249752 37.98
368 Grivas, Efstratios249752 33.09
369 Arkhipov, Sergey249760 44.86
370 Macieja, Bartlomiej249750 21.58
371 Khasin, Alexander249657 48.01
372 Zakharstov, Viacheslav V249670 31.09
373 Koniushkov, Igor249664 36.43
374 Sokolin, Leonid M249665
375 Degraeve, Jean Marc249549 28.27
376 Papaioannou, Ioannis249554 23.04
377 Godena, Michele249549 31.84
378 Smejkal, Jan249553 53.12
379 Miezis, Normunds249549 27.98
380 Bagirov, Vladimir K249552 62.72
381 Gritsak, Orest249558 26.19
382 Fridman, Daniel249452 23.22
383 Ye Rongguang249456 35.58
384 Marin, Mihail249450 34.04
385 Wedberg, Tom249453 45.44
386 Lugovoi, Aleksei249449 24.16
387 Chekhov, Valery A249360 43.44
388 Plaskett, Jim249350 39.13
389 Iskusnyh, Sergei249251 24.66
390 Faragó, Iván249248 53.09
391 Polgar, Sofia249255 24.50
392 Egin, Vladimir249260
393 Ovetchkin, Roman249257 26.30
394 Kochiev, Alexander249256 43.11
395 Teske, Henrik249149 31.18
396 Dragomarezkij, Evgeni249161 46.29
397 Olafsson, Helgi249153 42.72
398 Levin, Felix249153 40.49
399 Tsesarsky, Ilya249157 39.57
400 Reinderman, Dimitri249049 26.73
401 Liang Jinrong249059 38.95
402 Nevednichy, Vladislav249051 29.67
403 Fercec, Nenad249052 38.06
404 Mitenkov, Alexey249064 38.15
405 Berelovich, Aleksandar248952 31.84
406 Drasko, Milan248952 36.41
407 Notkin, Maksim248955 35.40
408 Smyslov, Vassily V248953 78.11
409 Lau, Ralf248952 39.54
410 Gdanski, Jacek248950 28.43
411 Gavrilakis, Nikolaos248973 44.11
412 Slipak, Sergio248851 33.77
413 Arkhangelsky, Boris248863 68.29
414 Miralles, Gilles248855 33.24
415 Zezulkin, Jurij248856 27.72
416 Varga, Zoltan248849 28.81
417 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto248852 41.37
418 Milov, Leonid248860 33.24
419 Belikov, Vladimir248759 27.75
420 Pavasovic, Dusko248748 22.55
421 Arencibia, Walter248749 31.79
422 Knaak, Rainer F248755 46.13
423 Cela, Altin248655
424 Gretarsson, Helgi Ass248649 22.21
425 Piskov, Yury248661 37.56
426 Uhlmann, Wolfgang248652 64.10
427 Gofshtein, Leonid D248650 46.04
428 Zagrebelny, Sergey248651
429 Van den Doel, Erik248649 19.97
430 Kupreichik, Viktor D248650 49.83
431 Bagaturov, Giorgi248654 34.43
432 Har Zvi, Ronen248559 22.56
433 Campos Moreno, Javier B248560 40.16
434 Petrosian, Arshak B248459 45.38
435 Oral, Tomas248449 21.36
436 Goloshchapov, Alexander248455 21.27
437 Polak, Tomas248449 25.03
438 Mirumian, Vigen248350 21.60
439 Rodriguez, Andres248351 25.37
440 Kuporosov, Viktor248356 37.60
441 Vescovi, Giovanni P248351 20.89
442 Antunes, Antonio248358 37.24
443 Nikolaidis, Ioannis248352 28.33
444 Iljushin, Alexei248354 18.76
445 Vakhidov, Tahir248259
446 Oratovsky, Michael248256 25.08
447 Ahlander, Bjorn248260 35.51
448 Kogan, Artur248249 25.26
449 Grischuk, Alexander248254 15.51
450 Kaminski, Marcin248251 22.15
451 Kalantarian, Norik248165 36.72
452 Shaked, Tal248150 21.24
453 Stanec, Nikolaus248149 31.01
454 Tosic, Miroslav248153 38.88
455 Kovacevic, Vladimir248153 57.10
456 Popchev, Milko248058 34.48
457 Kosten, Anthony C248052 40.78
458 Kazhgaleyev, Murtas248056
459 Djurhuus, Rune248051 29.27
460 Ricardi, Pablo248051 37.19
461 Kovalev, Andrei248060 37.49
462 Socko, Bartosz248050 20.48
463 Zarnicki, Pablo247952 26.48
464 Liss, Eran247954 23.84
465 Hebden, Mark247950 41.22
466 Abramovic, Boško247961 48.22
467 Dervishi, Erald247956 19.48
468 Winants, Luc247958 36.34
469 Prusikhin, Mihailo247855 21.29
470 San Segundo Carrillo, Pablo247850 29.23
471 Iordachescu, Viorel247850 22.04
472 Rausis, Igors247748 38.07
473 Dokutchaev, Aleksander247757 26.92
474 Parker, Jonathan247754 22.96
475 Ioseliani, Nana247751 37.23
476 Movsziszian, Karen247753 36.33
477 Komliakov, Viktor247652 39.02
478 Annageldyev, Orazly247674 39.12
479 Popovic, Petar247653 40.22
480 Wells, Peter K247548 34.05
481 Kholmov, Ratmir D247552 73.97
482 Simonovic, Aleksandar247570 30.50
483 Votava, Jan247551 24.43
484 Vukic, Milan247561 55.71
485 Akhmadeev, Vadim247559 42.81
486 Hall, Jesper247451 27.80
487 Ionescu, Constantin247450 40.64
488 Boim, Inon247470 27.47
489 Bellini, Fabio247460 29.55
490 Heinemann, Thies247453 28.16
491 Wang Pin247459 24.40
492 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes247359 55.83
493 Brenninkmeijer, Joris247370 29.64
494 Sadvakasov, Darmen247358 20.02
495 Danielsen, Henrik247354 33.29
496 Dimitrov, Vladimir247355 31.06
497 Kallai, Gabor247254 40.20
498 Motylev, Alexander247252 19.88
499 Browne, Walter S247255 50.31
500 David, Alberto247150 29.10

These ratings, calculated as of May 3, 1999, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between May 1, 1998 and May 3, 1999, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of April 30, 1998. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of May 3, 1999. This represents the player's estimated strength on May 4, 1999.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on May 4, 1999. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on May 4, 1999 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on May 4, 1999. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on May 3, 1999. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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