< July 31, 1990     Back to date list    September 30, 1990 >

Top 10 active players as of August 31, 1990


Top 500 active players as of August 31, 1990

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28584978.4% #127.38
2 Karpov, Anatoly E27934815.4% #439.27
3 Ivanchuk, Vassily2732491.6% #1421.45
4 Gelfand, Boris2726491.3% #1622.19
5 Timman, Jan H2719480.9% #1938.71
6 Salov, Valery B2699510.4% #3026.26
7 Korchnoi, Viktor L2697470.2% #2959.44
8 Gurevich, Mikhail N2693480.2% #3131.53
9 Yudasin, Leonid G2690500.2% #3531.06
10 Beliavsky, Alexander G2682480.1% #3936.71
11 Short, Nigel D2682470.1% #3925.25
12 Khalifman, Alexander2679490.1% #4124.62
13 Ehlvest, Jaan2677480.1% #4327.88
14 Andersson, Ulf2670480.1% #4939.18
15 Bareev, Evgeny2669490.1% #5023.78
16 Dolmatov, Sergey V2666480.1% #5231.53
17 Jussupow, Artur M265848 #5930.55
18 Lputian, Smbat G265649 #6132.55
19 Speelman, Jonathan S265648 #6133.91
20 Dreev, Alexey265548 #6221.61
21 Seirawan, Yasser265448 #6330.44
22 Gavrikov, Victor N265450 #6433.09
23 Polugaevsky, Lev A265049 #6755.78
24 Nunn, John D M265048 #6735.35
25 Nikolic, Predrag264948 #6829.97
26 Ribli, Zoltán264749 #7038.98
27 Chernin, Alexander M264748 #7030.48
28 Dautov, Rustem264652 #7324.76
29 Hübner, Robert264349 #7441.82
30 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir264348 #7439.83
31 Balashov, Yury S263848 #7941.47
32 Portisch, Lajos263848 #8053.41
33 Vaganian, Rafael A263848 #8038.88
34 Aseev, Konstantin N263751 #8229.86
35 Anand, Viswanathan263549 #8320.72
36 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y263451 #8646.32
37 Tiviakov, Sergei263357 #9217.55
38 Tal, Mikhail263049 #8953.81
39 Agdestein, Simen263051 #9023.29
40 Eingorn, Viacheslav S262949 #9033.77
41 Georgiev, Kiril262849 #9024.76
42 Vyzmanavin, Alexey262751 #9330.66
43 Razuvaev, Yury S262750 #9344.89
44 Sax, Gyula262748 #9239.20
45 Miles, Anthony J262448 #9535.36
46 Epishin, Vladimir262450 #9625.14
47 Rozentalis, Eduardas262250 #9927.26
48 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A262149 #9930.46
49 Yurtaev, Leonid262152 #10231.33
50 Dvoiris, Semen I262051 #10131.83
51 Christiansen, Larry M261849 #10234.18
52 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E261752 #10640.55
53 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y261750 #10533.61
54 Shirov, Alexei261650 #10518.16
55 Kramnik, Vladimir261559 #11415.18
56 Gulko, Boris F261348 #10743.56
57 Kamsky, Gata261351 #11016.25
58 Dorfman, Iosif D261250 #10938.33
59 Sokolov, Andrey Y261249 #10927.45
60 Smirin, Ilia261249 #11022.61
61 Panchenko, Alexandar G2610710.1% #12829.40
62 Hjartarson, Jóhann260648 #11527.56
63 Oll, Lembit260549 #11724.36
64 Romanishin, Oleg M260248 #12038.64
65 Tukmakov, Vladimir B260048 #12344.46
66 Kruppa, Yuri259955 #13026.19
67 deFirmian, Nicholas E259748 #12633.10
68 Pigusov, Evgeny259652 #12929.42
69 Yermolinsky, Alex V259655 #13332.39
70 Novikov, Igor A259450 #13128.27
71 Sturua, Zurab259468 #14431.23
72 Adams, Michael259348 #13018.79
73 Makarichev, Sergey Y259352 #13336.79
74 Kovalev, Andrei259255 #13728.82
75 Smyslov, Vassily V259250 #13369.44
76 Olafsson, Helgi259150 #13434.04
77 Dokhoian, Yury259050 #13625.85
78 Hansen, Curt258949 #13625.95
79 Neverov, Valery258951 #13826.19
80 Goldin, Alexander258950 #13625.51
81 Psakhis, Lev B258848 #13731.76
82 Hort, Vlastimil258849 #13746.64
83 Timoshchenko, Gennady258851 #13941.34
84 Malaniuk, Vladimir P258748 #13733.11
85 Smagin, Sergey258748 #13731.97
86 Kuzmin, Gennady P258753 #14144.62
87 Kharitonov, Andrey Y258751 #14031.41
88 Spassky, Boris V258549 #13953.59
89 Benjamin, Joel L258448 #14026.47
90 Lerner, Konstantin Z258350 #14340.51
91 Pintér, József258353 #14436.81
92 Yakovich, Yuri258352 #14427.75
93 Ftácnik, Lubomír258248 #14232.84
94 Todorcevic, Miodrag258250 #14449.81
95 Chandler, Murray G258048 #14430.41
96 Glek, Igor V258053 #14828.82
97 Ionov, Sergey258064 #15628.65
98 Kurajica, Bojan257960 #15342.79
99 Averkin, Orest N257973 #16246.52
100 Khenkin, Igor257852 #15022.44
101 Quinteros, Miguel A257859 42.68
102 Taimanov, Mark E257858 64.57
103 Fedorowicz, John P257749 31.92
104 Dlugy, Maxim257649 24.59
105 Kengis, Edvins257452 31.39
106 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V257350 45.93
107 Akopian, Vladimir257250 18.73
108 Suba, Mihai257250 43.25
109 Pétursson, Margeir257248 30.54
110 Nogueiras, Jesus257250 31.12
111 Hodgson, Julian M257148 27.10
112 Panchenko, Alexander N257152 36.90
113 Naumkin, Igor257052 25.06
114 van der Wiel, John T H257047 31.06
115 Geller, Efim P256851 65.50
116 Minasian, Artashes256855 23.61
117 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N256851 44.37
118 Larsen, Bent256750 55.49
119 Torre, Eugenio256752 38.82
120 Ulibin, Mikhail256750 19.25
121 Giorgadze, Giorgi256753 25.89
122 Kuzmin, Alexey256755 27.48
123 Vaulin, Alexander256765 33.45
124 Shneider, Aleksandr256757 28.28
125 Vasiukov, Evgeny A256650 57.49
126 Shabanov, Yury F256562 52.80
127 Wahls, Matthias256349 22.60
128 Spraggett, Kevin B256349 35.81
129 Gorelov, Sergey G256366 33.04
130 Soppe, Guillermo256262 29.95
131 Smejkal, Jan256250 44.44
132 Donchev, Dimitar I256156 32.11
133 Chekhov, Valery A256150 34.76
134 Sosonko, Gennadi256154 47.29
135 Cvitan, Ognjen256150 28.89
136 Hulak, Krunoslav256050 39.27
137 Alburt, Lev O256051 45.03
138 Velimirovic, Dragoljub256051 48.30
139 Arnason, Jon L255950 29.80
140 Huzman, Alexander255854 28.39
141 Popovic, Petar255849 31.55
142 Morovic Fernández, Iván E255855 27.44
143 Kholmov, Ratmir D255751 65.30
144 Kalinitschew, Sergey255764 34.58
145 Krasenkow, Michal255751 26.80
146 Arkhipov, Sergey255757 36.19
147 Zhuravliov, Valerij255664 51.72
148 Kaidanov, Gregory S255651 30.89
149 Kindermann, Stefan255648 30.68
150 Mestel, A Jonathan255555 33.47
151 Magerramov, Elmar S255552 32.39
152 Damljanovic, Branko255348 29.21
153 Vaisser, Anatoli255350 41.49
154 Ivanov, Alexander V255250 34.33
155 Sokolov, Ivan255150 22.22
156 Kavalek, Lubomir255161 47.06
157 Anikaev, Yury254969 42.17
158 Tischbierek, Raj254952 27.93
159 Barua, Dibyendu254958 23.84
160 Rohde, Michael A254952 31.01
161 Sorokin, Maxim254853 22.61
162 Najdorf, Miguel254871 80.38
163 Janjgava, Lasha254852 20.32
164 King, Daniel J254848 27.01
165 Knaak, Rainer F254751 37.46
166 Komarov, Dimitri254663 21.75
167 Kudrin, Sergey254650 30.98
168 Lalic, Bogdan254650 26.48
169 Milos, Gilberto254553 26.84
170 Cebalo, Mišo254450 45.57
171 Ubilava, Elizbar E254452 40.01
172 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B254450 35.79
173 Ziatdinov, Raset254459 31.68
174 Gheorghiu, Florin254352 46.40
175 Lanka, Zigurds254355 30.28
176 Browne, Walter S254350 41.64
177 Hellers, Ferdinand254349 21.59
178 Zapata, Alonso254250 32.03
179 Kožul, Zdenko254149 24.28
180 Tseitlin, Mark D254165 46.93
181 Orlov, Georgi254056
182 Ivanovic, Božidar254050 44.02
183 Malisauskas, Vidmantas254056 27.07
184 Ye Jiangchuan254059 29.78
185 Lobron, Eric253949 30.32
186 Zagrebelny, Sergey253963
187 Rogers, Ian253849 30.19
188 Serper, Grigory253754 20.96
189 Kuporosov, Viktor253759 28.92
190 Adorján, András253750 40.42
191 Kochiev, Alexander253752 34.43
192 Lautier, Joel253749 17.39
193 Khmelnitsky, Igor N253761 22.03
194 Arbakov, Valentin253756 38.59
195 Bönsch, Uwe253650 31.88
196 Mokrý, Karel253651 31.57
197 Uhlmann, Wolfgang253651 55.42
198 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A253673 51.73
199 Bagirov, Vladimir K253651 54.04
200 Rechlis, Gad253653 23.57
201 Bikhovsky, Avigdor I253558 35.49
202 Wolff, Patrick G253551 22.54
203 Anastasian, Ashot253454 26.12
204 Georgadze, Tamaz V253464 42.81
205 Rachels, Stuart253455 20.92
206 Chiburdanidze, Maia G253351 29.62
207 Magomedov, Magaram253355 24.28
208 Machulsky, Anatoly D253258 33.93
209 Palac, Mladen253253 19.54
210 Kveinys, Aloyzas253256 28.14
211 Zlotnik, Boris A253163 43.88
212 Duer, Arne253164 31.14
213 Gofshtein, Leonid D253172 37.36
214 Rodriguez, Amador253050 33.97
215 Vitolinš, Alvis252959 44.21
216 Wilder, Michael252953 27.95
217 Sherbakov, Ruslan252956 20.96
218 Horvath, Jozsef252949 26.05
219 Karpman, Vadim252956 25.30
220 Chudinovskih, Alexander252870 23.47
221 Petrosian, Arshak B252851 36.71
222 Veingold, Aleksander252864 36.89
223 Petrienko, Vladimir252867 35.48
224 Darga, Klaus V252764 56.52
225 Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander252749 27.63
226 Ye Rongguang252756 26.91
227 Bischoff, Klaus252549 29.23
228 Franco Ocampos, Zenon252453 34.30
229 Greenfeld, Alon252453 26.37
230 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel252450 24.74
231 Stohl, Igor252449 25.92
232 Sher, Miron N252353 38.17
233 Adianto, Utut252265 25.46
234 Shabalov, Alexander252253 22.96
235 Gufeld, Eduard E252257 54.45
236 Frias, Victor J252256 34.56
237 Barbero, Gerardo F252152 29.03
238 Yuneev, Alexey252156
239 Piket, Jeroen252048 21.59
240 Mochalov, Evgeny V252070 38.84
241 Espig, Lutz251955 41.65
242 Csom, István251950 50.25
243 Pfleger, Helmut251957 47.07
244 Marin, Mihail251953 25.36
245 Henley, Ron W251967 33.74
246 Kovacevic, Vladimir251851 48.43
247 Cid, Marino Alejandro251870 32.22
248 Karlsson, Lars251852 35.14
249 Watson, William N251849 28.37
250 Hansen, Lars Bo251749 21.93
251 Simic, Radoslav251756 42.23
252 Faragó, Iván251649 44.41
253 Frolov, Artur251658 20.09
254 Groszpeter, Attila251550 30.23
255 Vera, Reynaldo251553 29.65
256 Polgar, Zsuzsa251549 21.37
257 Liberzon, Vladimir M251559 53.44
258 Kiselev, Sergey251554 28.96
259 Belov, Igor251558
260 Meshkov, Yuri A251470 40.62
261 Dizdar, Goran251451 31.74
262 Kharlov, Andrei251466 21.78
263 Gipslis, Aivars251462 53.56
264 Moskalenko, Viktor251451 29.74
265 Unzicker, Wolfgang251356 65.18
266 Meister, Yakov251358 34.97
267 Kosten, Anthony C251249 32.10
268 London, Dimitri251273 27.78
269 Guseinov, Aidyn251262 38.66
270 Cámpora, Daniel H251250 33.17
271 Tseitlin, Mikhail S251152 43.21
272 Savchenko, Stanislav251055 23.61
273 Rausis, Igors251057 29.40
274 Renet, Olivier251050 25.69
275 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich250951 34.64
276 Matulovic, Milan250957 55.22
277 Gruenfeld, Yehuda250954 34.51
278 Savon, Vladimir A250854 49.92
279 Govedarica, Radovan250870 42.55
280 Gaprindashvili, Nona250856 49.33
281 Hickl, Joerg250850 25.37
282 Graf, Alexander250862 28.02
283 Hebden, Mark250750 32.54
284 Hertneck, Gerald250753 26.95
285 Georgiev, Krum250752 32.27
286 Ruban, Vadim250654 26.22
287 Nikolac, Juraj250660 58.36
288 Baburin, Alexander250662 23.53
289 Plaskett, Jim250553 30.45
290 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes250554 47.16
291 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V250565 43.04
292 Kishnev, Sergey250463 33.83
293 Zhidkov, Valery S250358 50.98
294 Lukin, Andrei M250354 42.01
295 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel250258 41.10
296 Meduna, Eduard250250 39.97
297 Kupreichik, Viktor D250250 41.16
298 Panno, Oscar R250253 55.46
299 Ivanov, Igor V250252 43.65
300 Timoshenko, Georgy250251 24.25
301 Reyes, Juan250266 27.35
302 Gligoric, Svetozar250153 67.58
303 Yrjola, Jouni250152 30.85
304 Basin, Leonid250158 32.77
305 Vogt, Lothar H250151 38.62
306 Vukic, Milan250055 47.03
307 Filipenko, Alexander V250064 41.49
308 Petkevich, Jusefs250065 49.70
309 Ivkov, Borislav249954 56.80
310 Kotronias, Vasilios249851 26.02
311 Xu Jun249859 27.95
312 Bronstein, David I249753 66.53
313 Loginov, Valery A249758 34.72
314 Djuric, Stefan249751 35.10
315 Brodsky, Michail249760 21.43
316 Palatnik, Semen A249654 40.43
317 Lin Ta249658 27.58
318 Van der Sterren, Paul249649 34.46
319 Sellos, Didier249665 33.53
320 Klinger, Josef249550 23.23
321 Makarov, Marat249556 27.32
322 Bass, Leonid249559 33.25
323 García Gonzáles, Guillermo249553 36.73
324 Marjanovic, Slavoljub249552 35.65
325 Kallai, Gabor249454 31.53
326 Reeh, Oliver249452 26.62
327 Lau, Ralf249350 30.87
328 Cramling, Pia249350 27.36
329 Tolnai, Tibor249349 25.93
330 Gleizerov, Evgeny249362 27.45
331 Kozlov, V.249370
332 Popchev, Milko249255 25.80
333 Ernst, Thomas249250 30.04
334 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis249155 36.33
335 Zaichik, Gennady L249151 33.55
336 Ree, Hans249153 45.95
337 Kantsler, Boris249158 28.37
338 Abramovic, Boško249051 39.55
339 Inkiov, Ventzislav249050 34.28
340 Varavin, Viktor249067 23.27
341 Ionescu, Constantin249054 31.96
342 Schoenthier, Frank248975 31.79
343 Hazai, Laszlo248956 37.21
344 Andrianov, Nikolai248963 28.70
345 Mednis, Edmar J248853 53.44
346 Schussler, Harry248851 33.19
347 Brunner, Lucas248848 23.26
348 Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav248863 24.46
349 Sideif Sade, Fikret I248865 38.66
350 Lukacs, Peter248750 40.14
351 Barlov, Dragan248750 33.59
352 Antunes, Antonio248753 28.57
353 Piskov, Yury248655 28.89
354 Schmittdiel, Eckhard248550 30.30
355 Rubinetti, Jorge A248559 45.42
356 Mainka, Romuald248451 27.29
357 Nemet, Ivan248355 47.38
358 Sahovic, Dragutin248362 50.06
359 Strikovic, Aleksa248353 29.30
360 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E248353 23.52
361 Sunye Neto, Jaime248152 33.33
362 Blatny, Pavel248050 22.19
363 Foisor, Ovidiu248060 31.40
364 Murey, Yakov248052 49.08
365 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz248049 47.39
366 Lein, Anatoly248053 59.43
367 Pekarek, Ales247954 28.71
368 Mirkovic, Slobodan247966 32.09
369 Poldauf, Dirk247967 24.95
370 Kraidman, Yair247863 57.83
371 Dueball, Juergen247873 45.42
372 Brenninkmeijer, Joris247851 20.96
373 Dzuban, Oleg I247874
374 Davies, Nigel R247849 30.08
375 Vehi Bach, Victor Manuel247760
376 Wang Zili247660 22.21
377 Rivas Pastor, Manuel247655 30.13
378 Ornstein, Axel247666 38.35
379 Cabrilo, Goran247651 32.16
380 Thorsteins, Karl247653 25.88
381 Tringov, Georgy P247657 53.48
382 Mortensen, Erling247651 35.40
383 Khasin, Alexander247562 39.34
384 Rytshagov, Mikhail247470 22.80
385 Norwood, David247453 21.91
386 Kosic, Dragan247457 20.54
387 Jansa, Vlastimil247451 47.76
388 Dizdarevic, Emir247453 32.41
389 Root, Douglas247368 27.55
390 Ekstroem, Roland247358 34.28
391 Kouatly, Bachar247353 32.49
392 Drasko, Milan247351 27.73
393 Ninov, Kiril247354 21.90
394 Nikolenko, Oleg247263 31.20
395 Moiseev, Viktor247273 31.30
396 Szekely, Peter247254 35.56
397 Reshevsky, Samuel H247162 78.76
398 Gutman, Lev247151 44.92
399 Moroz, Alexander247157 29.62
400 Bruk, Ofer247156 22.63
401 Dimitrov, Vladimir247155 22.39
402 Novik, Maxim247069 26.72
403 Tunik, Gennady247058 37.26
404 Prandstetter, Eduard246953 41.71
405 Gallagher, Joseph G246949 26.32
406 Miralles, Gilles246949 24.56
407 Titov, German246962 27.35
408 Gurevich, Vladimir246960 31.07
409 Lendwai, Reinhard246860 23.88
410 Schlosser, Philipp246851 22.03
411 Brooks, Michael A246758 29.37
412 Kogan, Boris246772
413 Zilberstein, Valery I246774 47.38
414 Levitt, Jonathan246750 27.24
415 Winants, Luc246752 27.66
416 Kirov Ivanov, Nino246652 44.97
417 Skembris, Spyridon246651 32.53
418 Averbakh, Yury L246669 68.56
419 Wedberg, Tom246650 36.76
420 Byrne, Robert E246557 62.36
421 Polgar, Judit246551 14.11
422 Galliamova, Alisa246559 18.62
423 Mukhametov, Eldar246566 21.28
424 Kolev, Atanas246554 23.13
425 Kuczynski, Robert246550 24.37
426 Howell, James C246551 23.29
427 Rajkovic, Dusan246552 48.21
428 Anic, Darko246559 33.34
429 Ledger, Andrew246462 21.27
430 Conquest, Stuart246449 23.50
431 Flear, Glenn C246449 31.55
432 Schneider, Lars Ake246457
433 Tempone, Marcelo246457 27.98
434 Haba, Petr246452 25.65
435 Neckar, Lubomir246372 40.08
436 Schneider, Bernd246368 25.39
437 Barbulescu, Dan246374 26.19
438 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto246366 37.31
439 Lukov, Valentin246254 34.72
440 Fiorito, Fabian246257 20.83
441 Pribyl, Josef246253 42.89
442 Ermenkov, Evgenij246253 40.92
443 Zhelnin, Vladimir V246261 43.47
444 Mascarinas, Rico246254 37.50
445 Stangl, Markus246251 21.34
446 Vilela, Jose Luis246262 37.45
447 Saltaev, Mihail246166 27.78
448 Akhmilovskaya, Elena246164
449 Lutz, Christopher246152 19.52
450 Sadler, Matthew246160 16.29
451 Stanojevic, Branko246172 47.66
452 Orso, Miklos246164 34.23
453 Rukavina, Josip246163 47.76
454 Hausner, Ivan246153 38.38
455 Knezevic, Milorad246156 53.83
456 Murshed, Niaz246057 24.30
457 Negulescu, Adrian246067 29.22
458 Fokin, Sergey246064 34.88
459 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel246052 40.31
460 Padevsky, Nikola B246063 57.26
461 Yuferov, Sergey N245961 44.74
462 Beshukov, Sergei245971 19.41
463 Womacka, Mathias245865 24.18
464 Zelcic, Robert245868 24.94
465 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H245856 31.37
466 Thorhallsson, Throstur245856 21.45
467 Efimov, Igor245762 29.95
468 Spasov, Vasil245756 19.54
469 Casper, Thomas245763 31.46
470 Lima, Darcy245765 28.28
471 Temirbaev, Serik245765
472 Horváth, Csaba245751 22.24
473 Kozlov, Vladimir N245662 40.25
474 Klundt, Klaus245661 48.68
475 Lanc, Alois245656 42.54
476 Gonzalez, JA.245673
477 Filipovic, Branko245558 32.90
478 Braga, Fernando245555 32.14
479 Servat, Roberto245460 22.57
480 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I245461 56.80
481 Arencibia, Walter245451 23.11
482 Schulte, Oliver245470 21.69
483 Ostermeyer, Peter245462 46.89
484 Legky, Nikolay A245457 35.39
485 Meister, Peter245456 24.18
486 Cramling, Dan245372 31.57
487 Nijboer, Friso245351 25.26
488 Marangunic, Srdjan245375 46.83
489 Fominyh, Alexander245366 31.21
490 Okhotnik, Vladimir245358 40.51
491 Kovacevic, Predrag245369 29.98
492 Ostenstad, Berge245351 25.95
493 Pytel, Krzysztof245359 45.29
494 Hecht, Hans-Joachim245268 51.59
495 Sznapik, Aleksander245250 39.56
496 Ilincic, Zlatko245152 22.31
497 Veinger, Itzhak245172 52.15
498 Kuijf, Marinus245150 30.55
499 Mariotti, Sergio245166 44.06
500 Podzielny, Karl Heinz245175 35.97

These ratings, calculated as of August 31, 1990, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between September 1, 1989 and August 31, 1990, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of August 31, 1989. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of August 31, 1990. This represents the player's estimated strength on September 1, 1990.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on September 1, 1990. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on September 1, 1990 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on September 1, 1990. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on August 31, 1990. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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