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Top 10 active players as of June 30, 1988


Top 500 active players as of June 30, 1988

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28104854.5% #225.21
2 Karpov, Anatoly E27924734.0% #337.10
3 Beliavsky, Alexander G2705481.8% #2234.54
4 Timman, Jan H2705471.6% #2236.54
5 Portisch, Lajos2693481.2% #2851.24
6 Short, Nigel D2692481.0% #2823.08
7 Tal, Mikhail2690480.9% #3151.64
8 Salov, Valery B2670500.3% #4524.09
9 Speelman, Jonathan S2667490.3% #4731.74
10 Khalifman, Alexander2665500.3% #4922.45
11 Jussupow, Artur M2665490.2% #4828.38
12 Ehlvest, Jaan2664490.3% #4825.71
13 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2664490.2% #4942.29
14 Andersson, Ulf2663480.2% #4937.01
15 Gavrikov, Victor N2662500.3% #5130.91
16 Ribli, Zoltán2662490.2% #5136.81
17 Korchnoi, Viktor L2659470.1% #5357.27
18 Gelfand, Boris2659520.3% #5520.02
19 Spassky, Boris V2655500.2% #5751.42
20 Psakhis, Lev B2655470.1% #5629.59
21 Hübner, Robert2655480.2% #5639.65
22 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2651470.1% #6037.66
23 Ivanchuk, Vassily2646510.1% #6619.28
24 Seirawan, Yasser2646490.1% #6528.27
25 Lputian, Smbat G2645490.1% #6630.38
26 Agdestein, Simen2644500.1% #6821.12
27 Vaganian, Rafael A2644480.1% #6736.71
28 Nikolic, Predrag2644480.1% #6727.80
29 Yudasin, Leonid G2643510.1% #6928.89
30 Nunn, John D M2641480.1% #6933.18
31 Gurevich, Mikhail N2640490.1% #7129.36
32 Chernin, Alexander M2640490.1% #7128.31
33 Sokolov, Andrey Y263849 #7325.28
34 Polugaevsky, Lev A2638500.1% #7353.61
35 Malaniuk, Vladimir P263649 #7530.94
36 Gulko, Boris F2633490.1% #7841.39
37 Hort, Vlastimil2633500.1% #7844.47
38 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A2630530.1% #8428.29
39 Dokhoian, Yury2629520.1% #8523.68
40 Georgiev, Kiril262849 #8422.59
41 Chandler, Murray G262648 #8528.24
42 Romanishin, Oleg M262548 #8636.47
43 Smagin, Sergey262350 #8929.81
44 Sax, Gyula262151 #9137.03
45 Balashov, Yury S262049 #9139.30
46 Smirin, Ilia261453 #10120.44
47 Hjartarson, Jóhann261449 #9825.39
48 Kharitonov, Andrey Y261350 #9929.24
49 Larsen, Bent261252 #10353.32
50 Dolmatov, Sergey V261051 #10429.36
51 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y260954 #10731.44
52 Smyslov, Vassily V260753 #10867.27
53 Yurtaev, Leonid260754 #11029.16
54 Eingorn, Viacheslav S260750 #10731.60
55 Dvoiris, Semen I260659 #11329.66
56 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E260451 #11038.38
57 Anand, Viswanathan260353 #11318.55
58 Torre, Eugenio260350 #11136.65
59 Vyzmanavin, Alexey260252 #11328.49
60 Razuvaev, Yury S260150 #11342.72
61 Pigusov, Evgeny260150 #11427.25
62 Lerner, Konstantin Z259852 #11838.34
63 Bareev, Evgeny259750 #11821.61
64 Christiansen, Larry M259649 #11732.01
65 Dorfman, Iosif D259551 #12136.16
66 Ubilava, Elizbar E259454 #12437.84
67 Rozentalis, Eduardas259452 #12325.09
68 Dreev, Alexey259352 #12419.44
69 Ftácnik, Lubomír259250 #12330.67
70 Murey, Yakov259252 #12446.91
71 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V259250 #12443.76
72 Vaisser, Anatoli259152 #12539.32
73 Goldin, Alexander259155 #12823.34
74 Kruppa, Yuri259055 #13024.02
75 Huzman, Alexander258852 #13026.22
76 Kuzmin, Gennady P258853 #13142.45
77 Pintér, József258550 #13134.64
78 Krasenkow, Michal258356 #13724.63
79 Miles, Anthony J258349 #13233.19
80 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N258250 #13442.20
81 Popovic, Petar258050 #13629.38
82 Kavalek, Lubomir258056 #13944.89
83 Chekhov, Valery A257850 #13832.59
84 Nogueiras, Jesus257848 #13728.95
85 Bronstein, David I257866 #14864.36
86 van der Wiel, John T H257848 #13728.89
87 Panchenko, Alexander N257752 #14034.73
88 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B257750 #13933.62
89 Gorelov, Sergey G257659 #14630.87
90 Benjamin, Joel L257649 #13924.30
91 Arkhipov, Sergey257657 #14534.02
92 Makarichev, Sergey Y257556 #14534.62
93 Dautov, Rustem257557 #14622.59
94 Greenfeld, Alon257553 #14224.20
95 Naumkin, Igor257453 #14422.89
96 Podgaets, Mikhail Y257364 #15140.93
97 Timoshchenko, Gennady257350 #14439.17
98 Novikov, Igor A257250 #14426.10
99 Kaidanov, Gregory S257251 #14428.72
100 Karlsson, Lars257051 #14632.96
101 Sosonko, Gennadi256951 45.12
102 Dlugy, Maxim256950 22.42
103 Darga, Klaus V256972 54.35
104 Yermolinsky, Alex V256952 30.22
105 Kochiev, Alexander256855 32.26
106 Oll, Lembit256851 22.19
107 Pétursson, Margeir256750 28.37
108 Neverov, Valery256654 24.02
109 Zaichik, Gennady L256551 31.38
110 Cámpora, Daniel H256552 30.99
111 Aseev, Konstantin N256255 27.69
112 Shabanov, Yury F256262 50.63
113 Gufeld, Eduard E256161 52.28
114 Epishin, Vladimir256054 22.96
115 Suba, Mihai256051 41.08
116 Kholmov, Ratmir D255957 63.13
117 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I255873 38.19
118 Adorján, András255750 38.25
119 Kupreichik, Viktor D255750 38.98
120 Bönsch, Uwe255650 29.71
121 Vasiukov, Evgeny A255657 55.32
122 Morovic Fernández, Iván E255557 25.27
123 Didishko, Vereslav255566 39.22
124 Kengis, Edvins255454 29.22
125 Chiburdanidze, Maia G255352 27.45
126 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y255356 44.15
127 Kudrin, Sergey255250 28.81
128 Soppe, Guillermo255264 27.79
129 Franco Ocampos, Zenon255159 32.13
130 Moskalenko, Viktor255155 27.57
131 Kindermann, Stefan255048 28.51
132 Spraggett, Kevin B255052 33.64
133 Hansen, Curt255050 23.78
134 Janjgava, Lasha254953 18.15
135 Velimirovic, Dragoljub254951 46.13
136 Csom, István254951 48.08
137 Rodriguez, Amador254951 31.81
138 Lobron, Eric254950 28.15
139 Yakovich, Yuri254854 25.58
140 Savon, Vladimir A254767 47.76
141 deFirmian, Nicholas E254750 30.92
142 Reshevsky, Samuel H254669 76.59
143 Najdorf, Miguel254564 78.21
144 Browne, Walter S254450 39.47
145 Groszpeter, Attila254452 28.06
146 Gaprindashvili, Nona254458 47.16
147 Ivanov, Alexander V254362 32.16
148 Fedorowicz, John P254350 29.76
149 Hulak, Krunoslav254351 37.10
150 Olafsson, Helgi254249 31.87
151 Cebalo, Mišo254251 43.40
152 Smejkal, Jan254151 42.27
153 Gligoric, Svetozar254154 65.41
154 Sorokin, Maxim254158 20.44
155 Mohr, Stefan254157 20.69
156 Henley, Ron W254071 31.57
157 Kveinys, Aloyzas254061 25.97
158 Rogers, Ian254050 28.02
159 Bagirov, Vladimir K254054 51.87
160 Taimanov, Mark E254074 62.40
161 Uhlmann, Wolfgang253952 53.25
162 Quinteros, Miguel A253955 40.51
163 Kurajica, Bojan253859 40.62
164 Panno, Oscar R253857 53.29
165 Knaak, Rainer F253850 35.29
166 García Gonzáles, Guillermo253751 34.56
167 Ivanov, Igor V253754 41.48
168 Wedberg, Tom253752 34.59
169 Sokolov, Ivan253753 20.05
170 Ulibin, Mikhail253658 17.08
171 Ionov, Sergey253670 26.48
172 Marjanovic, Slavoljub253650 33.48
173 Kuzmin, Alexey253558 25.31
174 Cvitan, Ognjen253551 26.72
175 Lalic, Bogdan253251 24.31
176 Arnason, Jon L253150 27.63
177 Ivanovic, Božidar253152 41.85
178 Gheorghiu, Florin253152 44.23
179 Gipslis, Aivars253054 51.39
180 Palatnik, Semen A253056 38.26
181 Adianto, Utut252960 23.29
182 Lanka, Zigurds252960 28.11
183 Bischoff, Klaus252951 27.06
184 Ruban, Vadim252759 24.05
185 Mainka, Romuald252657 25.12
186 Serper, Grigory252653 18.79
187 Antunes, Antonio252473 26.40
188 Sturua, Zurab252475 29.06
189 Glek, Igor V252358 26.65
190 Guseinov, Aidyn252364 36.49
191 Liberzon, Vladimir M252262 51.27
192 Geller, Efim P252250 63.33
193 Ostermeyer, Peter252263 44.72
194 Mestel, A Jonathan252154 31.30
195 Ekstroem, Roland252160 32.11
196 Pfleger, Helmut252059 44.90
197 Nemet, Ivan252061 45.21
198 Shneider, Aleksandr252059 26.11
199 Gruenfeld, Yehuda252052 32.34
200 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel251955 22.57
201 Marin, Mihail251957 23.19
202 Vitolinš, Alvis251960 42.04
203 Byrne, Robert E251961 60.19
204 Alburt, Lev O251953 42.86
205 Mokrý, Karel251951 29.40
206 Rohde, Michael A251851 28.84
207 Ninov, Kiril251856 19.73
208 Barua, Dibyendu251754 21.67
209 Tischbierek, Raj251651 25.77
210 Petrienko, Vladimir251663 33.31
211 Andrianov, Nikolai251673 26.53
212 Donchev, Dimitar I251658 29.94
213 London, Dimitri251572 25.61
214 Nikolac, Juraj251462 56.19
215 Faragó, Iván251449 42.24
216 Inkiov, Ventzislav251451 32.11
217 Seret, Jean Luc251463
218 Govedarica, Radovan251366 40.38
219 Sahovic, Dragutin251360 47.89
220 Petrosian, Arshak B251353 34.54
221 Adams, Michael251158 16.62
222 Todorcevic, Miodrag251153 47.64
223 Simic, Radoslav251059 40.06
224 Veingold, Aleksander251065 34.72
225 Schussler, Harry250953 31.02
226 Watson, William N250951 26.20
227 King, Daniel J250850 24.84
228 Hodgson, Julian M250850 24.92
229 Loginov, Valery A250854 32.55
230 Barbulescu, Dan250861 24.02
231 McKay, Roderick M250872 36.38
232 Graf, Alexander250754 25.85
233 Root, Douglas250775 25.38
234 Garcia Palermo, Carlos250751 34.58
235 Barlov, Dragan250650 31.42
236 Lukacs, Peter250649 37.97
237 Sherbakov, Vitaly S250572 33.03
238 Barbero, Gerardo F250555 26.86
239 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto250554 30.52
240 Kovacevic, Vladimir250557 46.26
241 Stoica, Valentin250460 38.37
242 Mochalov, Evgeny V250468 36.67
243 Hickl, Joerg250451 23.20
244 Vogt, Lothar H250350 36.45
245 Kalinitschew, Sergey250364 32.41
246 Magerramov, Elmar S250065 30.22
247 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E250050 21.35
248 Georgiev, Krum250054 30.10
249 Rukavina, Josip249863 45.59
250 Sunye Neto, Jaime249755 31.16
251 Zagrebelny, Sergey249763
252 Lau, Ralf249650 28.70
253 Basin, Leonid249661 30.60
254 Klaric, Zlatko249661 31.68
255 Meduna, Eduard249651 37.80
256 Vukic, Milan249674 44.86
257 Meyer, E.249574
258 Efimov, Igor249563 27.79
259 Georgadze, Tamaz V249560 40.64
260 Kantsler, Boris249557 26.20
261 Schneider, Lars Ake249458
262 Frias, Victor J249459 32.39
263 Piket, Jeroen249351 19.42
264 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel249354 38.92
265 Antoshin, Vladimir S249376 59.13
266 Jansa, Vlastimil249351 45.59
267 Velikov, Petar249354 37.25
268 Kiselev, Sergey249261 26.79
269 Shamkovich, Leonid A249260 65.08
270 Espig, Lutz249055 39.48
271 Hebden, Mark249052 30.37
272 Rivas Pastor, Manuel249055 27.96
273 Rajkovic, Dusan248954 46.04
274 Van der Sterren, Paul248950 32.29
275 Portisch, Ferenc248969 49.22
276 Andres Mendez, Miguel248969
277 Flear, Glenn C248950 29.38
278 Foisor, Ovidiu248852 29.23
279 Plaskett, Jim248753 28.28
280 Wolf, Volker248765 30.81
281 Renet, Olivier248752 23.52
282 Hellers, Ferdinand248754 19.42
283 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A248672 49.56
284 Reeh, Oliver248662 24.45
285 Stohl, Igor248652 23.76
286 Horvath, Jozsef248552 23.88
287 Hazai, Laszlo248552 35.04
288 Tringov, Georgy P248560 51.31
289 Akopian, Vladimir248556 16.56
290 Unzicker, Wolfgang248559 63.01
291 Karpman, Vadim248562 23.13
292 Cabrilo, Goran248457 29.99
293 Xu Jun248457 25.79
294 Valkesalmi, Kimmo248454 27.16
295 Ionescu, Constantin248355 29.80
296 Dizdar, Goran248352 29.57
297 Vokác, Marek248255 29.56
298 Petkevich, Jusefs248273 47.53
299 Wilder, Michael248253 25.79
300 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I248260 54.63
301 Lein, Anatoly248154 57.26
302 Polgar, Zsuzsa248150 19.20
303 Damljanovic, Branko248053 27.04
304 Popchev, Milko248052 23.63
305 Khasin, Alexander248064 37.17
306 Filipovic, Branko248063 30.73
307 Raicevic, Momcilo248066
308 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes248059 44.98
309 Ernst, Thomas248052 27.87
310 Nun, Josef247967 54.93
311 Gutman, Lev247950 42.76
312 Abramovic, Boško247952 37.38
313 Nun, Jiri247858 30.92
314 Vera, Reynaldo247858 27.48
315 Fokin, Sergey247864 32.71
316 Savchenko, Stanislav247868 21.44
317 Pytel, Krzysztof247769 43.12
318 Tisdall, Jonathan D247752 29.84
319 Braga, Fernando247656 29.97
320 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H247660 29.20
321 Yrjola, Jouni247552 28.68
322 Murshed, Niaz247561 22.13
323 Petrushin, Alexander I247575 41.30
324 Akhmilovskaya, Elena247565
325 Staniszewski, Piotr247453 21.82
326 Ivkov, Borislav247457 54.63
327 Pribyl, Josef247456 40.72
328 Ree, Hans247457 43.79
329 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis247461 34.16
330 Mortensen, Erling247355 33.23
331 Sznapik, Aleksander247352 37.39
332 Ermenkov, Evgenij247354 38.75
333 Lombardy, William J247364 50.57
334 Hecht, Hans-Joachim247360 49.42
335 Reyes, Juan247272 25.18
336 Pekarek, Ales247252 26.54
337 Eslon, Jaan247268 36.32
338 Piasetski, Leon David247272
339 Gabdrakhmanov, Rafail247175 29.06
340 Lechtynsky, Jiri247052 40.60
341 Drasko, Milan247053 25.56
342 Zapata, Alonso247050 29.86
343 Helmers, Knut J247071 31.40
344 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz246950 45.22
345 Szekely, Peter246957 33.39
346 Skembris, Spyridon246958 30.36
347 Davies, Nigel R246850 27.91
348 Anastasian, Ashot246759 23.95
349 Belov, Igor246771
350 Klinger, Josef246751 21.06
351 Řgaard, Leif246763 36.48
352 Keitlinghaus, Ludger246657 22.93
353 Shabalov, Alexander246654 20.80
354 Mednis, Edmar J246559 51.27
355 Legky, Nikolay A246573 33.22
356 Kogan, Boris246557
357 Li Zunian246564 30.48
358 Wahls, Matthias246554 20.43
359 Garcia, Gildardo246456 34.31
360 Motwani, Paul246459 26.05
361 Kamsky, Gata246267 14.08
362 Zaitsev, Igor A246266 50.09
363 Tseitlin, Mikhail S246269 41.04
364 Milos, Gilberto246253 24.67
365 Schmittdiel, Eckhard246155 28.13
366 Gurevich, Dmitry246151 31.80
367 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich246155 32.47
368 Negulescu, Adrian246156 27.05
369 Hawelko, Marek246152 28.89
370 Ambroz, Jan246165 34.03
371 Rubinetti, Jorge A246060 43.25
372 Khenkin, Igor246063 20.27
373 Polasek, Jaroslav246063 31.25
374 Kotronias, Vasilios246052 23.85
375 Matulovic, Milan246058 53.05
376 Yap, Andronico245963
377 Timoshenko, Georgy245976 22.08
378 Leski, Marc245967 27.01
379 Sideif Sade, Fikret I245861 36.49
380 Marangunic, Srdjan245766 44.66
381 Veinger, Itzhak245760 49.98
382 Kouatly, Bachar245650 30.32
383 Verduga, Denis Homero245561
384 Dizdarevic, Emir245555 30.24
385 Popov, Luben245574 52.42
386 Piesina, Gintautas245562 36.23
387 Lukin, Andrei M245575 39.84
388 Thorhallsson, Throstur245557 19.28
389 Lalev, Dimitar245562 28.45
390 Ardiansyah, Haji245466 36.57
391 Makropoulos, Georgios245465 34.76
392 Levin, Felix245366 29.65
393 Kozlov, V.245262
394 Wolff, Patrick G245255 20.37
395 Pedersen, Erik245270 29.80
396 Winants, Luc245151 25.49
397 Knezevic, Milorad245152 51.66
398 Neckar, Lubomir245063 37.91
399 Renman, Nils Gustaf245065
400 Ornstein, Axel245060 36.18
401 Klundt, Klaus245064 46.51
402 Haba, Petr244959 23.48
403 Ostojic, Predrag244975 50.36
404 Norwood, David244857 19.74
405 Malisauskas, Vidmantas244854 24.90
406 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur244862 40.76
407 Kuczynski, Robert244852 22.20
408 Kolev, Atanas244772 20.95
409 Shtyrenkov, Veniamen244774 30.19
410 Kallai, Gabor244761 29.36
411 Nikolic, Zivoslav244555 34.55
412 Tempone, Marcelo244560 25.81
413 Prandstetter, Eduard244552 39.54
414 Arkell, Keith C244560 27.48
415 Djuric, Stefan244452 32.92
416 Nijboer, Friso244460 23.09
417 Schulte, Oliver244461 19.52
418 Kraidman, Yair244372 55.66
419 Djurhuus, Rune244359 18.43
420 Akesson, Ralf244359 27.39
421 Radulov, Ivan244258 49.48
422 Cramling, Dan244259 29.40
423 Reefschlaeger, Helmut244264 44.23
424 Lukov, Valentin244260 32.55
425 Blatny, Pavel244252 20.02
426 Lengyel, Levente244175 55.05
427 Kosten, Anthony C244152 29.93
428 Kurtenkov, Atanas244171 24.91
429 Thorsteins, Karl244052 23.71
430 Lanc, Alois244053 40.37
431 Rachels, Stuart244068 18.76
432 Spiridonov, Nikola244059 50.34
433 Plachetka, Jan244050 43.37
434 Martinovic, Slobodan244060 42.92
435 Sonntag, Hans Hubert243962
436 Bonin, Jay R243965 32.97
437 Casper, Thomas243953 29.29
438 Magomedov, Magaram243967 22.11
439 Spassov, Liuben243957 45.27
440 Tolnai, Tibor243953 23.77
441 Bukal, Vladimir Sr243956 48.66
442 Conquest, Stuart243950 21.33
443 Birnboim, Nathan243855 37.59
444 Toshkov, Tihomir243855 28.61
445 Wittmann, Walter243859 40.30
446 Sherzer, Alex243857 17.41
447 Handoko, Edhi243867 27.84
448 Litvinov, Vladimir243869 46.95
449 Rechlis, Gad243855 21.40
450 Benko, Pal C243763 59.95
451 Ochoa de Echaguen, F Javier243764 33.82
452 Semkov, Semko243755 28.34
453 Ye Jiangchuan243771 27.61
454 Lendwai, Reinhard243668 21.71
455 Kirov Ivanov, Nino243656 42.81
456 Luther, Thomas243656 18.65
457 Piskov, Yury243564 26.72
458 Wockenfuss, Klaus243559 36.84
459 Grivas, Efstratios243565 22.25
460 Semeniuk, Alexander A243565 35.80
461 Saltaev, Mihail243561 25.61
462 Horvath, Tamas243458 36.69
463 Dzuban, Oleg I243474
464 Wirthensohn, Heinz243458 37.15
465 Trapl, Jindrich243462 46.27
466 Zysk, Robert243356 22.15
467 Bielczyk, Jacek243359 35.35
468 Litinskaya, Marta I243375 39.26
469 Karolyi, Tibor Jr243252 26.62
470 Ryskin, Alexander243168 25.47
471 Gleizerov, Evgeny243162 25.28
472 Imanaliev, Taalaibek243164
473 Ziatdinov, Raset243062 29.51
474 Krnic, Zdenko243065 40.74
475 Tatai, Stefano243055 50.27
476 Kuligowski, Adam243057 32.52
477 Ricardi, Pablo243054 26.35
478 Orso, Miklos243071 32.06
479 Hoi, Carsten243052 31.45
480 Mariotti, Sergio242971 41.89
481 Hausner, Ivan242957 36.21
482 Maksimovic, Branimir242958 32.87
483 Gruenenwald, Joerg242967 23.07
484 Rakic, Tomislav242968 53.63
485 Sellos, Didier242969 31.36
486 Barczay, Laszlo242960 52.36
487 Pieterse, Gert242858 26.37
488 Liang Jinrong242867 28.11
489 Rigo, Janos242860 39.67
490 Temirbaev, Serik242864
491 Levitt, Jonathan242853 25.07
492 Matamoros Franco, Carlos S242867 21.54
493 Vallifuoco, Giacomo242875 31.15
494 Ghitescu, Theodor242768 54.43
495 Szmetan, Jorge242756 38.09
496 Atlas, Valeri242771 20.20
497 Wiedenkeller, Michael242756 25.47
498 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel242754 38.14
499 Nowak, Ignacy242757 39.47
500 Hansen, Lars Bo242755 19.77

These ratings, calculated as of June 30, 1988, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between July 1, 1987 and June 30, 1988, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of June 30, 1987. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of June 30, 1988. This represents the player's estimated strength on July 1, 1988.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on July 1, 1988. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on July 1, 1988 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on July 1, 1988. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on June 30, 1988. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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