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Top 10 active players as of December 31, 1981


Top 500 active players as of December 31, 1981

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27894950.3% #330.61
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27444914.0% #850.77
3 Kasparov, Garry K27435014.3% #918.72
4 Timman, Jan H2710483.9% #1630.05
5 Tal, Mikhail2696492.4% #2145.14
6 Portisch, Lajos2688491.6% #2444.74
7 Polugaevsky, Lev A2688501.8% #2547.11
8 Beliavsky, Alexander G2679490.9% #2928.04
9 Psakhis, Lev B2678521.4% #3023.09
10 Petrosian, Tigran V2674501.0% #3152.54
11 Spassky, Boris V2674501.0% #3144.91
12 Gulko, Boris F2673531.1% #3334.89
13 Dolmatov, Sergey V2671510.9% #3322.86
14 Romanishin, Oleg M2669490.8% #3429.97
15 Hübner, Robert2667510.7% #3533.15
16 Andersson, Ulf2654480.3% #4230.51
17 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2651490.3% #4437.27
18 Ribli, Zoltán2646510.2% #4930.32
19 Hort, Vlastimil2644480.2% #4937.96
20 Balashov, Yury S2644510.2% #5032.80
21 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2643490.1% #5031.16
22 Smyslov, Vassily V2642510.2% #5260.77
23 Larsen, Bent2642490.1% #5146.82
24 Sosonko, Gennadi2633500.1% #5838.62
25 Kavalek, Lubomir2629500.1% #6138.39
26 Vaganian, Rafael A2626510.1% #6330.21
27 Geller, Efim P2622520.1% #6856.83
28 Bronstein, David I2621540.1% #7057.87
29 Gheorghiu, Florin262050 #6937.73
30 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E262051 #6931.89
31 Browne, Walter S261650 #7132.97
32 Kholmov, Ratmir D2616670.4% #8256.63
33 Jussupow, Artur M261351 #7521.88
34 Miles, Anthony J261148 #7526.69
35 Dorfman, Iosif D260652 #8129.66
36 Makarichev, Sergey Y260454 #8528.12
37 Seirawan, Yasser260350 #8321.77
38 Kupreichik, Viktor D260351 #8532.49
39 Savon, Vladimir A260157 #9041.26
40 Averbakh, Yury L2598710.4% #10259.90
41 Kuzmin, Gennady P259851 #8935.94
42 Lerner, Konstantin Z259757 #9431.84
43 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N259652 #9135.70
44 Gufeld, Eduard E259452 #9345.78
45 Parma, Bruno259359 #9840.00
46 Sax, Gyula259350 #9330.54
47 Taimanov, Mark E259357 #9755.90
48 Eingorn, Viacheslav S2592660.1% #10425.10
49 Tukmakov, Vladimir B259254 #9635.79
50 Gipslis, Aivars259155 #9744.90
51 Vasiukov, Evgeny A259153 #9748.82
52 Kochiev, Alexander2590600.1% #10125.77
53 Veingold, Aleksander259061 #10228.22
54 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y258859 #10337.65
55 Smejkal, Jan258850 #9735.77
56 Petrosian, Arshak B258755 #10228.04
57 Christiansen, Larry M258750 #9825.51
58 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B258652 #10127.12
59 Yurtaev, Leonid2585690.1% #11422.66
60 Kurajica, Bojan258551 #10134.13
61 Razuvaev, Yury S258352 #10336.22
62 Palatnik, Semen A258360 #10931.76
63 Panchenko, Alexander N258355 #10528.24
64 Chernin, Alexander M258259 #10921.82
65 Ftácnik, Lubomír257950 #10724.17
66 Gligoric, Svetozar257952 #10858.91
67 Nunn, John D M257551 #11026.68
68 Georgadze, Tamaz V257454 #11434.14
69 Unzicker, Wolfgang257155 #11856.51
70 Vitolinš, Alvis256757 #12335.54
71 Tseitlin, Mikhail S256758 #12334.54
72 Kharitonov, Andrey Y256757 #12322.74
73 Olafsson, Fridrik256560 #12646.92
74 Agzamov, Georgy T256257 #12627.32
75 Byrne, Robert E256253 #12453.70
76 Alburt, Lev O256253 #12436.36
77 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I256261 #12948.13
78 Kapengut, Albert Z256169 #13637.49
79 Liberzon, Vladimir M256154 #12744.77
80 Vyzmanavin, Alexey256065 #13321.99
81 Uhlmann, Wolfgang255950 #12646.76
82 Ivkov, Borislav255949 #12548.13
83 Bagirov, Vladimir K255852 #12745.37
84 Stean, Michael F255852 #12828.32
85 Knaak, Rainer F255549 #12928.79
86 Ivanov, Igor V255561 #13634.97
87 Gorelov, Sergey G255458 #13524.37
88 Timoshchenko, Gennady255355 #13432.68
89 Evans, Larry M255264 #14049.77
90 Lein, Anatoly255251 #13350.76
91 Anikaev, Yury255260 #13933.51
92 Csom, István255150 #13341.58
93 Grigorian, Karen A255159 #13934.32
94 Adorján, András255051 #13431.75
95 Pachmann, Ludek255065 #14457.64
96 Kremenetsky, Anatoly M255065 #14342.96
97 Panno, Oscar R254955 #13946.79
98 Darga, Klaus V254872 #14947.85
99 Tarjan, James E254756 #14129.86
100 Didishko, Vereslav254664 #14732.72
101 Matanovic, Aleksandar254662 51.61
102 Quinteros, Miguel A254552 34.01
103 Tringov, Georgy P254556 44.82
104 Speelman, Jonathan S254450 25.25
105 Filip, Miroslav254467 53.18
106 Lombardy, William J254361 44.07
107 Nemet, Ivan254264 38.71
108 Vogt, Lothar H254149 29.95
109 Najdorf, Miguel254159 71.71
110 Ivanovic, Božidar254153 35.35
111 Gavrikov, Victor N253957 24.42
112 Cebalo, Mišo253653 36.90
113 Nei, Iivo253661 50.17
114 Kovacevic, Vladimir253458 39.76
115 Torre, Eugenio253450 30.16
116 Simic, Radoslav253356 33.56
117 Faragó, Iván253249 35.75
118 Pfleger, Helmut253262 38.40
119 Nikolac, Juraj253263 49.69
120 Lputian, Smbat G253256 23.88
121 Kaplan, Julio P253068 31.43
122 Keene, Raymond253052
123 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252852 39.63
124 Rogoff, Kenneth S252868 28.77
125 Murey, Yakov252874 40.41
126 Bukic, Enver252754 44.08
127 Yermolinsky, Alex V252061 23.72
128 Vukic, Milan252054 38.37
129 Suetin, Alexey S252053 55.12
130 Pintér, József252056 28.14
131 Shamkovich, Leonid A251952 58.58
132 Suba, Mihai251954 34.58
133 Matulovic, Milan251955 46.56
134 Ivanov, Alexander V251662 25.66
135 Zaitsev, Igor A251659 43.59
136 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A251561 21.79
137 Bleiman, Yaacov251574 34.31
138 Reshevsky, Samuel H251457 70.10
139 Stoica, Valentin251360 31.88
140 Chekhov, Valery A251355 26.09
141 Magerramov, Elmar S251158 23.72
142 van der Wiel, John T H251050 22.39
143 Nikolic, Zivoslav251058 28.05
144 Zaltsman, Vitaly F250959 40.18
145 Ree, Hans250949 37.29
146 Karner, Hillar250863 46.43
147 Barczay, Laszlo250852 45.86
148 Díez del Corral, Jesús250762 48.73
149 Chandler, Murray G250650 21.74
150 Feustel, Bernd250558 27.28
151 Marjanovic, Slavoljub250556 26.98
152 Biyiasas, Peter250457 31.12
153 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz250450 38.72
154 Popovic, Petar250353 22.88
155 Lechtynsky, Jiri250251 34.10
156 Szabó, László250161 64.78
157 Marovic, Dražen250062 43.96
158 Ermenkov, Evgenij250052 32.26
159 Jansa, Vlastimil250050 39.09
160 Karlsson, Lars250051 26.47
161 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I250073 31.69
162 Thipsay, Praveen Mahadeo249973 22.38
163 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A249965 43.07
164 Yudasin, Leonid G249862 22.40
165 Kraidman, Yair249871 49.16
166 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y249862 24.94
167 Řgaard, Leif249763 29.98
168 Klovans, Janis249758 46.73
169 Gruenfeld, Yehuda249655 25.84
170 Mestel, A Jonathan249652 24.80
171 Cámpora, Daniel H249555 24.50
172 Sturua, Zurab249468 22.56
173 Popov, Luben249254 45.92
174 Lukacs, Peter249151 31.48
175 Benko, Pal C249161 53.46
176 Antoshin, Vladimir S249060 52.63
177 Radulov, Ivan248956 42.98
178 Ciocaltea, Victor248853 49.95
179 Malich, Burkhard G248855 45.09
180 Meduna, Eduard248851 31.30
181 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo248867 38.19
182 Hermann, Manfred248772 39.33
183 Lutikov, Anatoly S248667 48.90
184 Hulak, Krunoslav248658 30.60
185 Georgiev, Krum248656 23.60
186 Espig, Lutz248551 32.98
187 Knezevic, Milorad248451 45.17
188 Regan, Kenneth248373 22.30
189 Ligterink, Gert248352 32.12
190 Vaisser, Anatoli248372 32.82
191 Vokác, Marek248360 23.07
192 Velikov, Petar248255 30.75
193 Chiburdanidze, Maia G248255 20.95
194 Rogulj, Branko248263 30.41
195 Inkiov, Ventzislav248154 25.62
196 Mednis, Edmar J248162 44.77
197 Donner, Johannes H248054 54.48
198 Birnboim, Nathan248068 31.09
199 Tatai, Stefano247954 43.77
200 Grefe, John A247862 34.32
201 Platonov, Igor V247868 47.95
202 Plachetka, Jan247650 36.87
203 Djuric, Stefan247553 26.43
204 Buturin, Vladimir247565 38.12
205 Diesen, Mark C247569
206 Petrushin, Alexander I247465 34.81
207 Peters, John A247355 30.89
208 Rodriguez, Amador247265 25.31
209 Ubilava, Elizbar E247160 31.34
210 Duer, Arne247160 22.47
211 Vera, Reynaldo247165 20.98
212 Bisguier, Arthur B247063 52.23
213 Kuligowski, Adam247052 26.02
214 Wedberg, Tom247056 28.10
215 Groszpeter, Attila247054 21.56
216 Bönsch, Uwe246951 23.21
217 Padevsky, Nikola B246962 48.59
218 Podzielny, Karl Heinz246866 27.31
219 Nikolic, Predrag246856 21.30
220 Skembris, Spyridon246758 23.86
221 Robatsch, Karl246759 53.21
222 Klaric, Zlatko246655 25.19
223 Rodriguez, Ruben246567 35.07
224 Ornstein, Axel246453 29.69
225 Rukavina, Josip246361 39.09
226 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis246362 31.61
227 Jelen, Iztok246366 34.94
228 deFirmian, Nicholas E246354 24.43
229 Andrianov, Nikolai246363 20.03
230 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel246254 32.43
231 Soltis, Andrew E246266 34.59
232 Ekstroem, Roland246269 25.61
233 Kirov Ivanov, Nino246251 36.31
234 Wittmann, Walter246160 33.80
235 Portisch, Ferenc246155 42.73
236 Hartston, William R246158 34.38
237 Taulbut, Shaun M246055 23.96
238 Sunye Neto, Jaime246054 24.66
239 Rajkovic, Dusan246053 39.54
240 Gaprindashvili, Nona245969 40.66
241 Dely, Peter245962 47.49
242 Qi Jingxuan245974 34.14
243 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur245953 34.27
244 Burger, Karl245956 48.94
245 Lobron, Eric245854 21.65
246 Schneider, Lars Ake245854
247 Bradford, Joseph M245862 31.16
248 Hecht, Hans-Joachim245767 42.92
249 Ungureanu, Emil245675 45.16
250 Piasetski, Leon David245674
251 Westerinen, Heikki MJ245552 37.68
252 Schweber, Samuel245564 45.46
253 Gutman, Lev245569 36.26
254 Henley, Ron W245457 25.07
255 Kengis, Edvins245460 22.72
256 Pribyl, Josef245451 34.22
257 Hamann, Svend245368 41.23
258 Mariotti, Sergio245355 35.39
259 Taruffi, Daniele245369 23.32
260 Kaufman, Larry C245375 34.13
261 Hazai, Laszlo245352 28.55
262 Hernandez, Roman245365 32.11
263 Lederman, Leon245270 34.60
264 Littlewood, Paul E245256 25.95
265 Mochalov, Evgeny V245268 30.17
266 Zapata, Alonso245164 23.36
267 Djukic, Zeljko245161 22.55
268 Martinovic, Slobodan245054 36.43
269 Kogan, Boris245061
270 Zaichik, Gennady L244968 24.89
271 Spiridonov, Nikola244953 43.84
272 Szmetan, Jorge244962 31.60
273 Sahovic, Dragutin244857 41.40
274 Bjelajac, Milan244868 33.80
275 Lengyel, Levente244859 48.55
276 Schussler, Harry244852 24.52
277 Nun, Jiri244759 24.43
278 Szekely, Peter244759 26.90
279 Raicevic, Vladimir244657 32.66
280 Makropoulos, Georgios244654 28.26
281 Hug, Werner244664 29.31
282 Ostermeyer, Peter244561 38.22
283 Spassov, Liuben244551 38.77
284 Cramling, Dan244561 22.90
285 Damjanovic, Mato244562 54.77
286 Haik, Aldo244560 29.20
287 Ghitescu, Theodor244560 47.93
288 Joksic, Sinisa244572 41.22
289 Mokrý, Karel244473 22.90
290 Vadasz, Laszlo244455 33.92
291 Kindermann, Stefan244456 22.01
292 Garcia, Gildardo244468 27.81
293 Planinc, Albin244367 37.70
294 Plaskett, Jim244364 21.79
295 Lengyel, Laszlo244275 37.47
296 Kudrin, Sergey244258 22.32
297 Vooremaa, Andres244162 37.45
298 Sideif Sade, Fikret I244165 29.99
299 Uusi, Gunnar243963
300 García Gonzáles, Guillermo243854 28.06
301 Luczak, Andrzej243854 33.07
302 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes243761 38.49
303 Pétursson, Margeir243753 21.88
304 Wirthensohn, Heinz243758 30.66
305 Strauss, David J243764 35.40
306 Forintos, Gyözö V243755 46.42
307 Langeweg, Kick243651 44.82
308 Bellin, Robert243656 29.50
309 Lakic, Nikola243564 34.46
310 Adamski, Jan243451 38.14
311 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto243462 28.65
312 Guimard, Carlos E243471 68.73
313 Doda, Zbigniew243373 50.86
314 Sjoberg, Mats243363 23.14
315 Debarnot, Roberto243368 34.40
316 Lau, Ralf243365 22.20
317 Antunac, Goran243366 36.71
318 Short, Nigel D243254 16.58
319 Renman, Nils Gustaf243261
320 Velickovic, Sasa243257 30.75
321 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243175 50.33
322 Kristiansen, Jens243156 29.60
323 Mestrovic, Zvonimir242965 37.20
324 Toth, Bela242955 38.70
325 Brinck Claussen, Bjorn242957
326 Sydor, Andrzej242969 44.99
327 Sokolov, Andrey Y242965 18.78
328 Wockenfuss, Klaus242861 30.34
329 Mortensen, Erling242853 26.74
330 Zichichi, Alvise242659 43.49
331 Fedorowicz, John P242653 23.26
332 Matera, Salvatore Joseph242672
333 Alexandria, Nana242657 32.22
334 Trifunov, Dimitar242668 17.98
335 Despotovic, Momcilo242561 33.83
336 Sznapik, Aleksander242551 30.89
337 Pytel, Krzysztof242459 36.63
338 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich242457 25.97
339 Shirazi, Kamran G242463 29.11
340 Rath, Ulrik242372 35.02
341 Ostojic, Predrag242265 43.86
342 Tompa, Janos242265 34.67
343 Zivanovic, Ivan242266 18.75
344 Ciric, Dragoljub M242173 46.13
345 Kestler, Hans-Günter242162 42.05
346 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius242071
347 Flesch, Janos241964 48.25
348 Reefschlaeger, Helmut241961 37.73
349 Dobrovolsky, Ladislav241964 31.02
350 Rantanen, Yrjo A241955 31.69
351 Tisdall, Jonathan D241860 23.35
352 Watson, John L241860 30.32
353 Webb, Simon241871 32.56
354 Honfi, Karoly241864 51.18
355 Helmers, Knut J241761 24.90
356 Augustin, Josef241760 39.62
357 Cvetkovic, Srdjan241658 35.84
358 Kunsztowicz, Uwe241660 37.95
359 Peev, Peicho Chonev241670 41.75
360 Garcia Palermo, Carlos241564 28.08
361 Trapl, Jindrich241468 39.77
362 Bohm, Hans241451 31.95
363 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean241466
364 Garcia Martinez, Silvino241361 37.49
365 Law, Andrew P241364 31.48
366 Jakobsen, Ole241357 39.20
367 Arbakov, Valentin241363 29.92
368 Bukal, Vladimir Sr241274 42.16
369 McCambridge, Vincent241260 21.81
370 Botterill, George Steven241169
371 Rubinetti, Jorge A241162 36.75
372 Arnason, Jon L241153 21.13
373 Borik, Otto241054 34.27
374 Fedder, Steen241065 30.55
375 Pritchett, Craig William241064
376 Minev, Nikolay N240974 50.97
377 Franco Ocampos, Zenon240965 25.63
378 Gerusel, Mathias240863 43.90
379 Hase, Juan Carlos240866
380 Hennings, Artur240859 41.47
381 Herzog, Adolf240758 28.57
382 Mencinger, Vojko240773 23.74
383 Ioseliani, Nana240671 19.88
384 Ambroz, Jan240553 27.54
385 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy240554 32.86
386 Kaiszauri, Konstanty240558 29.18
387 Van der Sterren, Paul240554 25.79
388 Prandstetter, Eduard240552 33.04
389 Hausner, Ivan240453 29.71
390 Bielczyk, Jacek240355 28.86
391 Cuartas, Carlos240360 41.38
392 Hoi, Carsten240254 24.95
393 Akesson, Ralf240258 20.90
394 Nogueiras, Jesus240172 22.45
395 Enklaar, Bertus F240069
396 Hoelzl, Franz240055 35.73
397 Hansen, Curt240061 17.29
398 Bouaziz, Slim239972 31.71
399 Bednarski, Jacek B239860 42.80
400 Frias, Victor J239861 25.89
401 Emma, Jaime J239866 43.95
402 Sisniega, Marcel239868 22.43
403 Welin, Thomas239765 22.32
404 Brondum, Eric239762 40.04
405 Swic, Waldemar239763 28.81
406 Fries Nielsen, Jens Ove239656 21.86
407 Radev, Nikolai239661 43.03
408 Krnic, Zdenko239657 34.25
409 Banas, Jan239553 34.58
410 Vinje Gulbrandsen, Arne239473
411 Hebert, Jean239459 24.14
412 Danner, Georg239454 35.18
413 Morovic Fernández, Iván E239470 18.77
414 Franklin, Michael J239474 50.91
415 Moehring, Guenther239456 45.10
416 Filipowicz, Andrzej239464 43.63
417 Vetemaa, Juri239375 25.35
418 Deze, Anton239368
419 Neckar, Lubomir239357 31.41
420 Hansson, Dan239269 29.56
421 Vilela, Jose Luis239255 28.78
422 Szymczak, Zbigniew239254 29.98
423 Schoeneberg, Manfred239268 35.48
424 Ost Hansen, Jacob239266
425 Cabrilo, Goran239055 23.50
426 Bohosjan, Sarkis239067 40.76
427 Petran, Pal239061 35.29
428 Nurkic, Sahbaz239066 25.80
429 Gonsior, Evzen238968 50.07
430 Goehring, Karl Heinz238967
431 Donchev, Dimitar I238868 23.44
432 Kagan, Shimon238862 39.73
433 Morris, Walter D238766 23.33
434 Osmanovic, Kemal238767 40.82
435 Tischbierek, Raj238656 19.27
436 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto238573 24.03
437 Ernst, Thomas238462 21.37
438 Flear, Glenn C238473 22.88
439 Ravikumar, Vaidyanathan238458 22.01
440 Dueckstein, Andreas238370 54.41
441 Gruchacz, Robert238373 28.09
442 Beil, Zdenek238274 28.37
443 Scheeren, Peter238262 26.42
444 Kelecevic, Nedeljko238260 34.80
445 Iskov, Gert238153 33.43
446 Rumens, David E238171 42.27
447 Borm, Franciscus WM238170
448 Lukov, Valentin238059 26.05
449 Mascarinas, Rico238062 28.83
450 Horvath, Tamas238056 30.19
451 Bronstein, Luis238066 35.58
452 Tomaszewski, Roman237959 21.62
453 Bajovic, Milan237973
454 Barle, Janez237863 29.78
455 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C237761 33.35
456 Odendahl, Steven M237769 22.18
457 Przewoznik, Jan237761 24.29
458 Gauglitz, Gernot237662 19.51
459 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237666 34.24
460 Spraggett, Kevin B237670 27.14
461 Hebden, Mark237668 23.88
462 Olafsson, Helgi237658 25.38
463 Janoševic, Dragoljub237668 58.48
464 Santos, Jose P237567 23.22
465 Rigo, Janos237461 33.18
466 Hartoch, Robert G237460
467 Braga, Fernando237465 23.48
468 Kouatly, Bachar237467 23.83
469 Pavlov, Mircea237356 44.30
470 Van der Vliet, Fredrik237359
471 Coudari, Camille237375 30.42
472 Bastian, Herbert237268 29.06
473 Soos, Bela237268 51.82
474 Stefanov, Parik237160 27.16
475 Filipovic, Branko237168 24.23
476 Arapovic, Vitomir237164 30.03
477 Sapi, Laszlo237170 46.78
478 Bator, Zbigniew237071 30.08
479 Mišta, Ladislav237075 38.17
480 Lieb, Harald236973 47.02
481 Angantysson, Haukur236869 33.08
482 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis236865 27.66
483 Adamski, Andrzej236866 42.96
484 Dobosz, Henryk236855 28.78
485 Barlov, Dragan236760 24.91
486 Basman, Michael J236775 35.79
487 Budde, Vladimir236763 29.02
488 Zarubin, O.236676
489 Goodman, David SC236675
490 Schinzel, Wladyslaw236653 38.61
491 Jacobsen, Bo236672 33.05
492 Day, Lawrence A236560 32.91
493 Cuasnicu, Oscar236575 39.19
494 Benjamin, Joel L236557 17.80
495 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel236254 31.65
496 Rakic, Tomislav236259 47.14
497 Orso, Miklos236273 25.56
498 Kristensen, Bjarke236258 25.73
499 Nicevski, Risto236160 36.51
500 Balshan, Amikam236174

These ratings, calculated as of December 31, 1981, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1981, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of December 31, 1980. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of December 31, 1981. This represents the player's estimated strength on January 1, 1982.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on January 1, 1982. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on January 1, 1982 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on January 1, 1982. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on December 31, 1981. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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