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Top 10 active players as of October 31, 1978

  #  

Player Rating +/-
1 Karpov, Anatoly E278349
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L277249
3 Tal, Mikhail269950
4 Polugaevsky, Lev A269650
5 Portisch, Lajos269549
6 Spassky, Boris V269150
7 Petrosian, Tigran V268449
8 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V268049
9 Larsen, Bent267049
10 Timman, Jan H266748

About these ratings

Top 500 active players as of October 31, 1978

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27834943.5% #327.44
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27724933.1% #447.61
3 Tal, Mikhail2699503.1% #2041.97
4 Polugaevsky, Lev A2696502.6% #2143.94
5 Portisch, Lajos2695492.5% #2141.57
6 Spassky, Boris V2691502.2% #2341.75
7 Petrosian, Tigran V2684491.5% #2649.37
8 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2680491.4% #2834.10
9 Larsen, Bent2670490.8% #3343.66
10 Timman, Jan H2667480.6% #3426.87
11 Balashov, Yury S2661500.6% #3829.63
12 Vaganian, Rafael A2658500.5% #4127.04
13 Mecking, Henrique2653570.8% #4726.77
14 Hort, Vlastimil2651480.2% #4434.80
15 Gulko, Boris F2650490.3% #4531.73
16 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2650500.3% #4632.63
17 Vasiukov, Evgeny A2648600.8% #5245.65
18 Geller, Efim P2645500.3% #4953.66
19 Smyslov, Vassily V2642500.2% #5257.60
20 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2640490.2% #5227.99
21 Kuzmin, Gennady P2638490.1% #5432.78
22 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y2637520.2% #5634.49
23 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B2636560.3% #5923.95
24 Hübner, Robert2634510.1% #5829.98
25 Dorfman, Iosif D2633500.1% #5926.50
26 Ribli, Zoltán2632500.1% #5927.15
27 Beliavsky, Alexander G2632500.1% #5824.87
28 Romanishin, Oleg M2630490.1% #6026.81
29 Kholmov, Ratmir D2629560.3% #6553.47
30 Gufeld, Eduard E2622580.2% #7142.62
31 Krogius, Nikolay V2619700.7% #8148.27
32 Savon, Vladimir A2619510.1% #7038.10
33 Kurajica, Bojan2616530.1% #7430.95
34 Bagirov, Vladimir K2615520.1% #7442.21
35 Lerner, Konstantin Z2615550.1% #7628.67
36 Bronstein, David I261252 #7754.70
37 Marangunic, Srdjan2610740.6% #9134.99
38 Sax, Gyula260750 #7927.37
39 Dvoretsky, Mark I2607570.1% #8430.89
40 Kavalek, Lubomir260650 #8135.23
41 Miles, Anthony J260548 #8023.52
42 Gipslis, Aivars260254 #8741.73
43 Gheorghiu, Florin260153 #8734.57
44 Andersson, Ulf260048 #8527.34
45 Parma, Bruno259954 #9036.83
46 Pfleger, Helmut259955 #9035.23
47 Gligoric, Svetozar259650 #8955.74
48 Sanguinetti, Raúl C2595600.1% #9745.74
49 Chekhov, Valery A2595610.1% #9822.92
50 Smejkal, Jan259450 #9232.61
51 Razuvaev, Yury S259455 #9533.06
52 Unzicker, Wolfgang259258 #9853.35
53 Sosonko, Gennadi258949 #9635.45
54 Olafsson, Fridrik258751 #9943.76
55 Palatnik, Semen A258658 #10428.60
56 Panno, Oscar R258652 #10043.62
57 Byrne, Robert E258451 #10150.53
58 Taimanov, Mark E258452 #10352.73
59 Kochiev, Alexander258251 #10422.60
60 Tarjan, James E258252 #10426.69
61 Szabó, László258161 #11061.62
62 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E258051 #10528.72
63 Kupreichik, Viktor D257953 #10929.33
64 Liberzon, Vladimir M257953 #10841.61
65 Ivkov, Borislav257750 #10744.96
66 Timoshchenko, Gennady257657 #11229.51
67 Browne, Walter S257650 #10829.81
68 Lein, Anatoly257455 #11347.59
69 Zakharov, Alexander V257463 #11835.06
70 Vokác, Marek257365 #12119.89
71 Zaitsev, Igor A2572670.1% #12340.43
72 Averbakh, Yury L2571690.1% #12456.73
73 Uhlmann, Wolfgang257050 #11443.59
74 Ivanov, Igor V2569660.1% #12631.81
75 Panchenko, Alexander N256858 #12125.07
76 Makarichev, Sergey Y256858 #12024.95
77 Matanovic, Aleksandar256658 #12248.44
78 Tringov, Georgy P256557 #12341.65
79 Alburt, Lev O256550 #11933.19
80 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N256456 #12432.54
81 Suetin, Alexey S256458 #12451.95
82 Darga, Klaus V256068 #13444.69
83 Georgadze, Tamaz V256061 #13030.97
84 Nei, Iivo255967 #13546.99
85 Knaak, Rainer F255651 #12825.62
86 Stean, Michael F255552 #13025.16
87 Torre, Eugenio255251 #13126.98
88 Csom, István255249 #13138.41
89 Bukic, Enver255253 #13340.91
90 Rogoff, Kenneth S255156 #13625.61
91 Vitolinš, Alvis255060 #13932.38
92 Pachmann, Ludek254960 #14054.47
93 Sakharov, A.2549750.1% #149
94 Grigorian, Karen A254955 #13731.15
95 Klovans, Janis254858 #13943.56
96 Tseitlin, Mark D254773 #14835.11
97 Matulovic, Milan254554 #14143.39
98 Peters, John A254458 #14327.72
99 Tseitlin, Mikhail S254460 #14531.37
100 Karasev, Vladimir I254374 #15340.37
101 Evans, Larry M254361 46.61
102 Najdorf, Miguel254356 68.54
103 Lombardy, William J253953 40.90
104 Malich, Burkhard G253955 41.92
105 Adorján, András253850 28.58
106 Filip, Miroslav253865 50.01
107 Grefe, John A253863 31.15
108 Platonov, Igor V253762 44.79
109 Kapengut, Albert Z253758 34.32
110 Quinteros, Miguel A253750 30.84
111 Díez del Corral, Jesús253662 45.57
112 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur253551 31.10
113 Nikolac, Juraj253455 46.52
114 Kasparov, Garry K253161 15.55
115 Petrushin, Alexander I253063 31.64
116 Hecht, Hans-Joachim253061 39.76
117 Knezevic, Milorad252952 41.99
118 Ubilava, Elizbar E252572 28.18
119 Peresipkin, Vladimir252559
120 Weinstein, Norman252557 28.07
121 Shamkovich, Leonid A252553 55.41
122 Reshevsky, Samuel H252354 66.92
123 Vukcevich, Milan R252366
124 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252252 36.47
125 Radulov, Ivan252254 39.81
126 Luczak, Andrzej252266 29.90
127 Vukic, Milan252153 35.20
128 Faragó, Iván252050 32.58
129 Lutikov, Anatoly S251956 45.74
130 Faibisovich, Vadim Z251866 34.48
131 Kovacevic, Vladimir251859 36.60
132 Petrosian, Arshak B251757 24.87
133 Ree, Hans251649 34.13
134 Benko, Pal C251454 50.29
135 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz251351 35.56
136 Doroshkievich, Vladimir K251372 40.84
137 Piasetski, Leon David251359
138 Zhuravliov, Valerij251273 39.88
139 Bleiman, Yaacov251262 31.15
140 Katalymov, Boris N251271
141 Vogt, Lothar H251152 26.79
142 Jansa, Vlastimil251151 35.92
143 Hulak, Krunoslav250955 27.43
144 Rajkovic, Dusan250955 36.37
145 Stoica, Valentin250861 28.71
146 Kakageldyev, Amanmurad250862 28.84
147 Regan, Kenneth250755 19.13
148 Lukin, Andrei M250768 30.17
149 Pribyl, Josef250754 31.05
150 Keene, Raymond250653
151 Biyiasas, Peter250456 27.94
152 Murey, Yakov250468 37.24
153 Averkin, Orest N250272 34.68
154 Donner, Johannes H250154 51.32
155 Karaklajic, Nikola250170 52.69
156 Lengyel, Levente250054 45.38
157 Stanciu, Traian249972 43.13
158 Yuferov, Sergey N249870 32.90
159 Ciocaltea, Victor249854 46.79
160 Tatai, Stefano249752 40.61
161 Nunn, John D M249753 23.52
162 Ghizdavu, Dumitru249770 29.44
163 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I249767 44.96
164 Bilek, István249663 46.22
165 Mariotti, Sergio249555 32.22
166 Schweber, Samuel249464 42.29
167 Hermann, Manfred249468 36.17
168 Barczay, Laszlo249451 42.69
169 Prandstetter, Eduard249257 29.87
170 Espig, Lutz249151 29.82
171 Lputian, Smbat G249071 20.71
172 Sanguinetti, Renato249068 62.52
173 Diesen, Mark C248953
174 Nemet, Ivan248870 35.55
175 Gaprindashvili, Nona248858 37.49
176 Rodriguez, Amador248856 22.15
177 Suba, Mihai248755 31.41
178 Kaplan, Julio P248758 28.27
179 García Gonzáles, Guillermo248654 24.89
180 Kirov Ivanov, Nino248654 33.14
181 Hartston, William R248656 31.22
182 Soltis, Andrew E248558 31.42
183 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis248558 28.44
184 Schneider, Lars Ake248554
185 Simic, Radoslav248474 30.39
186 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo248462 35.02
187 Radev, Nikolai248368 39.86
188 Garcia Martinez, Silvino248256 34.32
189 Ungureanu, Emil248062 41.99
190 Lederman, Leon247961 31.43
191 Jussupow, Artur M247958 18.72
192 Szekely, Peter247862 23.73
193 Pereszupkin, Alexander247772
194 Marovic, Dražen247760 40.80
195 Karner, Hillar247663 43.26
196 Vadasz, Laszlo247652 30.76
197 Mednis, Edmar J247654 41.61
198 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean247564
199 Commons, Kim S247558 27.27
200 Jansson, Borje247576 36.63
201 Kraidman, Yair247359 45.99
202 Mohrlok, Dieter247373
203 Zuckerman, Bernard247258 35.58
204 Gerusel, Mathias247261 40.74
205 Padevsky, Nikola B247257 45.42
206 Ciric, Dragoljub M247175 42.96
207 Dolmatov, Sergey V247166 19.70
208 Sofrevski, Jovan247063 43.20
209 Inkiov, Ventzislav247062 22.45
210 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A246867 39.89
211 Antunac, Goran246873 33.54
212 Hernandez, Roman246754 28.93
213 Dely, Peter246666 44.32
214 Anikaev, Yury246675 30.34
215 Zilberstein, Valery I246672 35.55
216 Ermenkov, Evgenij246553 29.09
217 Planinc, Albin246553 34.54
218 Brinck Claussen, Bjorn246565
219 Bisguier, Arthur B246558 49.06
220 Spassov, Liuben246457 35.61
221 Kuligowski, Adam246457 22.85
222 Marjanovic, Slavoljub246355 23.82
223 Balshan, Amikam246365
224 Jakobsen, Ole246260 36.03
225 Rath, Ulrik246263 31.84
226 Mestel, A Jonathan246253 21.63
227 Forintos, Gyözö V246156 43.25
228 Sunye Neto, Jaime246158 21.49
229 Christiansen, Larry M246155 22.34
230 Hazai, Laszlo246156 25.38
231 Atanasov, Petko246071 30.80
232 Ftácnik, Lubomír245852 21.00
233 Hug, Werner245856 26.14
234 Ivanov, Alexander V245861 22.50
235 Lakic, Nikola245872 31.29
236 Clarke, Peter H245874
237 Portisch, Ferenc245754 39.56
238 Martz, William E245772
239 Pintér, József245656 24.97
240 Hamann, Svend245563 38.06
241 Langeweg, Kick245553 41.65
242 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel245557 29.27
243 Nikolaevsky, Yuri V245575
244 Martinovic, Slobodan245464 33.27
245 Robatsch, Karl245360 50.05
246 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y245363 21.78
247 Zaichik, Gennady L245361 21.72
248 Malaniuk, Vladimir P245373 21.28
249 O'Kelly de Galway, Albéric245376 67.45
250 Toth, Bela245263 35.53
251 Kozlov, V.245267
252 Honfi, Karoly245159 48.02
253 Zapata, Alonso245063 20.19
254 Gutman, Lev245058 33.10
255 Cvetkovic, Srdjan245062 32.67
256 Barle, Janez244959 26.61
257 Sahovic, Dragutin244957 38.23
258 Gusev, Vladimir A244971
259 Vaisser, Anatoli244874 29.65
260 Mikenas, Vladas244764 68.54
261 Yurtaev, Leonid244775 19.50
262 Eslon, Jaan244664 26.66
263 Popov, Luben244660 42.76
264 Rukavina, Josip244659 35.92
265 Ghitescu, Theodor244555 44.77
266 Wedberg, Tom244563 24.92
267 Ligterink, Gert244451 28.95
268 Bohosjan, Sarkis244464 37.59
269 Cuéllar Gacharná, Miguel244370 61.95
270 Damjanovic, Mato244355 51.61
271 Westerinen, Heikki MJ244251 34.51
272 Minic, Dragoljub244265 41.65
273 Lukacs, Peter244251 28.31
274 Szmetan, Jorge244254 28.43
275 Haag, Ervin244175 45.80
276 Kristiansen, Jens244156 26.43
277 Lechtynsky, Jiri244155 30.93
278 Sydor, Andrzej244065 41.83
279 Piesina, Gintautas244064 26.56
280 Brasket, Curt Justin243967
281 Matera, Salvatore Joseph243963
282 Poutiainen, Pertti243863
283 Krnic, Zdenko243870 31.08
284 Partos, Charles243768 42.22
285 Řgaard, Leif243755 26.82
286 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius243662
287 Barcza, Gedeon243670 67.19
288 Ivanovic, Božidar243655 32.19
289 Rantanen, Yrjo A243561 28.52
290 Mestrovic, Zvonimir243563 34.04
291 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243558 47.16
292 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto243454 25.48
293 Hase, Juan Carlos243458
294 Seirawan, Yasser243264 18.60
295 Sznapik, Aleksander243252 27.72
296 Raicevic, Vladimir243256 29.49
297 Guimard, Carlos E243172 65.57
298 Godes, Dmitry R243075 39.26
299 Bohm, Hans242852 28.79
300 Doda, Zbigniew242861 47.69
301 Velikov, Petar242862 27.59
302 Minev, Nikolay N242763 47.81
303 Augustin, Josef242653 36.45
304 Flesch, Janos242662 45.09
305 Sloth, Jorn242667 34.15
306 Brond, Victor242675
307 Eising, Johannes242572 43.42
308 Messing, Hrvoje242574 38.26
309 Rubinetti, Jorge A242560 33.58
310 Schussler, Harry242463 21.35
311 Bellin, Robert242358 26.34
312 Pytel, Krzysztof242360 33.46
313 Bednarski, Jacek B242255 39.63
314 Garcia, Raimundo242163 42.43
315 Kovacs, Laszlo M242059 40.07
316 Soos, Bela242067 48.65
317 Williams, Arthur Howard242067
318 Rogulj, Branko242076 27.25
319 Chiburdanidze, Maia G241954 17.79
320 Ostojic, Predrag241956 40.69
321 Meduna, Eduard241959 28.14
322 Kagan, Shimon241853 36.57
323 Bukal, Vladimir Sr241873 38.99
324 Adamski, Jan241850 34.96
325 Ornstein, Axel241853 26.52
326 Spiridonov, Nikola241757 40.67
327 Rossetto, Héctor D241762 56.15
328 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy241656 29.69
329 Speelman, Jonathan S241656 22.08
330 Akvist, Hakan241667 37.01
331 Cuartas, Carlos241563 38.21
332 Webb, Simon241553 29.39
333 Horner, Jeff241575 29.18
334 Grinberg, Ricardo241461 30.80
335 Plachetka, Jan241453 33.70
336 Janoševic, Dragoljub241458 55.31
337 Kosikov, Alexey I241371 29.68
338 Sikora Lerch, Jan241255
339 Bertok, Mario241275 49.16
340 Bronstein, Luis241257 32.41
341 Deze, Anton241169
342 Liebert, Heinz241156 42.44
343 Witkowski, Stefan241059 47.09
344 Enklaar, Bertus F241066
345 Franklin, Michael J240966 47.74
346 Debarnot, Roberto240960 31.24
347 Emma, Jaime J240757 40.79
348 Kestler, Hans-Günter240762 38.88
349 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes240756 35.32
350 Gavrikov, Victor N240766 21.26
351 Eolian, Levon S240773 19.12
352 Botterill, George Steven240656
353 Bönsch, Uwe240655 20.04
354 Ostermeyer, Peter240669 35.05
355 Taulbut, Shaun M240659 20.80
356 Ilievski, Dimitar240566 37.19
357 Jelen, Iztok240572 31.78
358 Hoelzl, Franz240571 32.57
359 Mascarinas, Rico240459 25.66
360 Zwaig, Arne240464
361 Wirthensohn, Heinz240358 27.49
362 Gofshtein, Leonid D240366 25.53
363 Rohde, Michael A240259 19.18
364 Pritchett, Craig William240064
365 Jamieson, Robert Murray240063
366 Wockenfuss, Klaus240069 27.17
367 Trapl, Jindrich239870 36.60
368 Rajna, George239762 31.71
369 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel239652 28.48
370 Nicevski, Risto239559 33.34
371 Watson, John L239573 27.15
372 Hartoch, Robert G239555
373 Tompa, Janos239557 31.50
374 Littlewood, Paul E239560 22.79
375 Lombard, Andre239458 28.12
376 Moehring, Guenther239354 41.93
377 Peev, Peicho Chonev239257 38.58
378 Butnorius, Algimantas239275 31.94
379 Kolarov, Atanas S239175 44.66
380 Pohla, Harry239170 38.33
381 Grigorov, Jordan N239172 24.89
382 Biriescu, Ioan239165 25.01
383 Goodman, David SC238967
384 Filipowicz, Andrzej238960 40.47
385 Garcia Padron, Jose238960 20.61
386 Dake, Arthur William238876 68.56
387 Basman, Michael J238861 32.62
388 Skrobek, Ryszard238861 27.32
389 Rigo, Janos238860 30.01
390 Sisniega, Marcel238870 19.26
391 Schinzel, Wladyslaw238859 35.44
392 Vaisman, Volodia238759 40.84
393 Veinger, Itzhak238768 40.32
394 Kaiszauri, Konstanty238759 26.02
395 Formanek, Edward W238758 36.48
396 Fedder, Steen238761 27.38
397 Donoso Velasco, Pedro H238771 34.68
398 Rocha, Antonio238669 34.38
399 Pétursson, Margeir238557 18.71
400 Littlewood, John Eric238572
401 Banas, Jan238454 31.41
402 Frias, Victor J238462 22.72
403 Cuasnicu, Oscar238466 36.02
404 Hoi, Carsten238360 21.79
405 Silva, Fernando238371 28.24
406 Harandi, Khosro238372 28.16
407 Swic, Waldemar238358 25.64
408 Haik, Aldo238259 26.03
409 Neckar, Lubomir238261 28.24
410 Visier Segovia, Fernando238158 35.74
411 Garcia, Luis E238169
412 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C238056 30.18
413 Andre, Wolfgang238067 25.62
414 Georgiev, Krum238074 20.44
415 Nogueiras, Jesus237864 19.29
416 Whiteley, Andrew J237860 31.39
417 Korsunsky, Rostislav R237773
418 Kozma, Julius237771 49.41
419 Merdinjan, Agop237673 29.48
420 Garcia, Gildardo237662 24.64
421 Horvath, Tamas237563 27.02
422 Law, Andrew P237465 28.31
423 Huss, Andreas237465 28.04
424 Iskov, Gert237462 30.26
425 Kataev, V.237476
426 Brueggemann, Joachim237269 27.08
427 Silva Sanchez, Carlos237268 34.37
428 Kirpichnikov, Vladimir S237264
429 Gasic, Bozidar237273 41.05
430 Franco Ocampos, Zenon237164 22.47
431 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237157 31.07
432 Sarapu, Ortvin237168 54.78
433 Birnboim, Nathan237063 27.92
434 Helmers, Knut J236957 21.73
435 Mortensen, Erling236864 23.57
436 Heuer, Valter236770 50.30
437 Filguth, Rubens A236661 22.60
438 Cooper, John Grantley236666
439 Hesse, Peter236559 34.09
440 Bjelajac, Milan236574 30.63
441 Cámpora, Daniel H236460 21.34
442 Trabattoni, Franco236474 22.47
443 Szilágyi, György236359 57.32
444 Hausner, Ivan236364 26.54
445 Olafsson, Helgi236356 22.21
446 Kostro, Jerzy236268 41.77
447 Zinn, Lothar236272 40.62
448 Mihaljcisin, Mihajlo236265 45.69
449 Dobosz, Henryk236265 25.61
450 Szymczak, Zbigniew236263 26.82
451 Fedorowicz, John P236157 20.09
452 Mishuchkov, Nikolai M236176 32.67
453 Coudari, Camille236166 27.26
454 Rosenlund, Thorbjorn236063 27.37
455 Groszpeter, Attila236064 18.39
456 Vilela, Jose Luis235968 25.62
457 Ervin, Roy C235970 27.82
458 Van der Sterren, Paul235953 22.62
459 Plaskett, Jim235969 18.62
460 Sapi, Laszlo235959 43.61
461 Lanc, Alois235876 30.70
462 Macles, Jacques235875 33.31
463 Taylor, Timothy235869 25.73
464 Orso, Miklos235864 22.40
465 Borkowski, Franciszek235766 21.25
466 Tan Lian Ann235575
467 Sibarevic, Milenko235572 33.63
468 Fichtl, Jirí235468 57.71
469 Tisdall, Jonathan D235362 20.18
470 Meyer, E.235269
471 Knox, Victor W235171 33.77
472 Lanka, Zigurds235065 18.44
473 Bouaziz, Slim234770 28.54
474 Maciejewski, Andrzej234770 27.31
475 Anelli, Antonio234667 34.47
476 Krivonosov, Oleg234673 17.47
477 Kopec, Danny234572 24.67
478 Shirazi, Kamran G234367 25.94
479 Boersma, Paulus A234371 30.29
480 Estevez Morales, Guillermo234362
481 Minaya, Juan M234169
482 Sharif, Mershad234165 26.30
483 Levy, David Neil Lawrence234072
484 Boudy, Julio234073 27.39
485 Van der Vliet, Fredrik234060
486 Povah, Nigel E233965 26.29
487 Lehmann, Heinz Dr233862
488 Hutchings, Stuart J233875
489 Kluger, Guyla233770 64.79
490 Kim, V.233773
491 Borngaesser, Rene233768 27.11
492 Hebert, Jean233665 20.96
493 Liu Wenzhe233476 38.06
494 Bielczyk, Jacek233456 25.69
495 Van Baarle, C John233370 33.53
496 Lebredo, Gerardo233156 28.24
497 Lau, Ralf233176 19.03
498 Day, Lawrence A233164 29.75
499 Petran, Pal233161 32.13
500 Garcia Palermo, Carlos233063 24.91

These ratings, calculated as of October 31, 1978, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between November 1, 1977 and October 31, 1978, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of October 31, 1977. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of October 31, 1978. This represents the player's estimated strength on November 1, 1978.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on November 1, 1978. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on November 1, 1978 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on November 1, 1978. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on October 31, 1978. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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